390 



The moths of the second generation appeared about the middle of 

 July, and by the 26th numerous eggs were found on the skin of the 

 grapes, as many as six being observed on a single grape, showing that 

 minute care is necessary in spraying. The control of the second 

 generation depends entirely on the destruction of the eggs, that of 

 the larvae themselves being impossible, since they pierce the skin of 

 the grape and are completely hidden. 



At the end of July, when the number of moths began to decline, the 



following three insecticides were tried : (1) Bordeaux mixture 



(containing 1 per cent, of copper sulphate) 20 gals., and Ormond 



nicotine 3 lb. ; (2) Bordeaux mixture 20 gals., Ormond nicotine 3 lb., 



black soap 2 lb. ; and (3) Golazine 6 lb. in 20 gals, of water. Of 



these, Golazine gave the best results, less than one grape in a bunch 



being infested, while in the others from 1 to 4 were attacked, as 



against 8 to 12 in the unsp rayed controls. At the vintage, it was 



found that the plot that had received a spring treatment of 1 per cent. 



Bordeaux and nicotine, followed by a summer spray of the same with 



black soap added to increase the wetting power, gave the heaviest 



yield, nearly equalled by that of the plot sprayed with Golazine in 



spring and the Bordeaux, nicotine and soap solution in summer. 



Since the action, by contact, of local pyrethrum on the larvae of 



Clysia ambiguella, both small and large, is so very marked, dead 



individuals, being found two hours after spraying, it is advisable to 



increase its cultivation as much as ])ossible, as the present pyrethrum 



plantations, established by the Viticultural Station and some private 



individuals, are not extensive enough to supply the market. The 



treatment can be applied equally well to the young bunches, and to 



the vines before flowering or in full bloom, but it should be done early 



in the morning before 10 a.m., or after 4 p.m. until evening. As 



regards the nicotine and Bordeaux treatment, it must be remembered 



that nicotine, or tobacco juice, and Golazine act by absorption on the 



young caterpillars soon after hatching. Hence to obtain its full value 



the flight of the moths and the laying and hatching of the eggs must 



be watched ; if the spraying is done too soon, the eggs are laid on the 



top of the insecticide and the larvae escape without injury ; if too 



late, the large caterpillars hidden under the leaves of the flowers 



will escape. Of several insecticides supplied, titrated nicotine can 



be most highly recommended. When spraying under pressure in 



summer, owing to the presence of leaves, the stems must be held one 



by one in the hand so as to ensure the thorough wetting of the bunches, 



otherwise the foliage may be uselessly and wastefully wetted, while 



the hidden bunches remain dry. 



GuENAUX (G.). La Destruction des Hannetons. [The Destruction of 

 Cockchafers.]' — La Vie Agric. et Rur., Paris, vii, no. 25, 23rd June 

 1917, pp. 441-443, 2 figs. 



The simplest and easiest way of destroying cockchafers [MelolontJia] 

 is by catching the adults as they rest motionless on trees during the 

 daytime, by shaking the tree or striking the branches with a pole. 

 This should be done in May, on fine days and early in the morning 

 between 5 and 9 o'clock, while the insects are still benumbed by cold. 

 To be effective, this should be carried out simultaneously by all the 



