419 



Hamps., occurred in Central Java in 1914 and 1915. A Tachinid 

 parasite is abundant during such infestations, but not sufficiently so 

 as to prevent injury to the coconut leaves, and other enemies are an 

 Ichneumonid and a fungus, Botrytis necans. Koningsberger reported 

 that the caterpillars of the Nymphalid, Amathusia phidippus, L., are 

 somewhat abundant on the leaves. The Hesperids, Hidari irava, 

 Moore, and Erionota thrax, L., are two other leaf-eating pests. In 

 the case of tall palms it is difficult to control the above four pests by 

 spraying, but the caterpillars may be shaken down and collected ; 

 while if they have already pupated, the only remedy consists in cutting 

 off and burning the leaves. In the case of young palms collection or 

 spraying with 3*^0 lead arsenate are the measures advised. 



The scale-insects attacking the coconut are Lepidosaphes pinnae- 

 formis, Bch., Aspidiotus destructor, Sign., and an undetermined black 

 scale (? Ceroplastes actimformis, Green), and a whitefly, Aleurodicus 

 destructor. 



A termite enemy, Cojitotermes gestroi, Wasm., and the Acridiid, 

 Cyrthacanthacris nigricornis, Burm. {Acridmm melanocorne, Serv.), 

 injure the coconut in Java. An outbreak of the latter pest is 

 sometimes accompanied by the appearance of its fungus parasite, 

 Metarrhizium anisopliae. 



OsTERw ALDER (A.) Dgf ObstbauHikrebs. [Fruit Tree Canker.]^ 

 Schweiz. Zeifschr. f. Obst.- u. Weinbau, Frauenfeld, xxvi, nos. 15-16, 

 7th-21st July 1917, pp. 228-233, 241-247, 7 figs. 



In order to avoid confusion it will be necessary in future to state 

 whether fruit-tree canlcer is due to frost, to fungi, or to attack by 

 insects, such as Enarmonia {Grapholitha) ivoeberiana, Schf., and 

 Aegeria (Sesia) myopaeformis, Bkh. In the last-named case it may 

 perhaps be found necessary to state whether the canker is solely due 

 to the insects, as there is a possibility of the injury being originally 

 due to the infection by Nectria galligena. 



OsBORN (H.) & Drake (C. J.). Notes on American Tingidae with 

 Descriptions of New Species. — Ohio Jl. Sci., Columbus, xvii, no. 8, 

 June 1917, pp. 295-307, 2 figs. 



The follo^\ang are some of the Tingids dealt with in this paper, with. 

 their host-plants : — Corythuca ciliata, Say (sycamore or button-wood 

 Tingid), the adults of which are parasitised by a red mite and may be 

 collected in wdnter beneath the loose bark of trees ; C. arcuata, Say 

 (oak lace-biig), of considerable economic importance in Wisconsin ; 

 C.juglandis, Fitch, on walnut, butter-nut and linden ; C. salicis, sp. n., 

 infesting willow and currant ; C. marmorata, Uliler, causing damage in 

 greenhouses ; C. gossyjni, F. , taken on Ichthyonethia piscipida in 

 Florida ; C. coryli, sp. n., a common species that infests hazel-nuts ; 

 C. floridana, Heid., very destructive to oak-trees ; C. pergandei. Held., 

 infesting alder ; C. crataegi, Morrill, the hawthorn Tingid ; G. pallida, 

 Osborn & Drake, on linden and mulberry ; and C. pruni, Osb. & 

 Dr., C. padi, Drake, and C. associata, Osb. & Dr., three wild cherry 

 Tingids. 



(C390) c2 



