423 



and enter the soil a short distance or shelter beneath leaves or rubbish 

 and pupate, the adults emerging in the follo■v^^ng spring. Controls 

 suggested are to remove the soil to the depth of about 1 inch below 

 the bushes and bury it deep or expose it so that the pupae will be killed. 

 Chickens will devour the larvae and pujjae under the bushes. In bad 

 infestations, to pick and destroy the whole crop before it begins to 

 ripen and before any berries drop will ensure a clean crop until the pest 

 is again introduced from outside. 



M ASKEW (F.). Quarantine Division. Report for the Month of March 



1917. — Mtlihj. Bull. Cal. State Commiss. Hortic. Sacramento, vi, 

 no. 6, June 1917, pp. 261-262. 



The following pests were intercepted : — From British Columbia : 

 Rhizoctonia and Fusarium sp., on potatoes; Aleurodes sp., on holly. 

 From China : Cylas formicarius, in sweet potatoes ; Cladosporium 

 citri, on oranges ; Aphis sp. , on green vegetables ; and Lepidopterous 

 larvae in dry roots. From Florida : Phomopsis citri and Lepidosaphes 

 beckii, on grapefruit. From Hawaii : Diaspis hromeliae and Pseudo- 

 coccus hromeliae on pineapple ; Coccns longulus on betel leaves ; 

 Chrysompholus aonidum on green coconuts ; Trypetid larvae in 

 mangoes and cucumbers. From Japan : a Coccid on persimmon 

 trees ; Psevdaonidia duplex and Parlatoria sp. , on camellias ; Lepidop- 

 terous larvae and Fiorinia sp. , on Cephalotaxus ; Poliaspis jpini, on. 

 pines ; Cicada eggs and Thyridopteryx ephemera^formis, on per- 

 simmon ; Pseudococcus sp. and Cicada eggs, on azaleas. From 

 Mexico : HeUotliis obsoJeta, on tomatoes ; Anthonomus grandis var. 

 thurberiae, in cotton bolls ; Chrysomphaliis anrantii, C. dictyospermi, 

 Lepidosaphes gloveri and Parlatoria pergandei, on limes ; Lepidosaphes 

 beckii, on lemon. From New South Wales : Fiorinia fioriniae on 

 kentia palms. From Louisiana : Chrysomphalus aonidnm, Cero- 

 plastes sp. and Coccus hesperidum, on unidentified shrubs. From 

 Ohio : Coccus hesperidum, on crotons. 



PopENOE (C. H.). Mushroom Pests and How to Control Them. — U. S. 



Dept. Agric, Washington, B.C., Farmers' Bulletin no. 789,, 

 February 1917, 15 pp., 7 figs. 



Pests of cultivated mushrooms include the larvae, commonly known 

 as " mushroom maggots," of Sciara multiseta, Felt, S. agraria, Felt, 

 and Aphiochaeta albidihcdteris, Felt. The eggs, which are usually 

 placed at the juncture of the stem and cap of the mushroom, or in 

 the soil at its base, hatch in warm weather in about three days. The 

 larvae at once bore into the stem or cap of the plant, riddling it for 

 7 to 10 days, when it is entirely destroyed. They then enter the 

 ground, spin a cocoon just beneath the surface, and pupate, the 

 adults emerging in 4 to 7 days. A second generation very soon appears, 

 and the increase is remarkably rapid, each female being capable of 

 laying nearly 1,000 eggs. AMiere it is possible to keep the temperature 

 of the mushroom house at 55° F., or reduce it to that temperature 

 when infestation occurs, the pests are easily controlled. The compost 

 should be thoroughly disinfected before the mushrooms are planted 



