442 



to be a different species. The author does not consider the differences 

 between the eelworm in clover and that in rye to be sufficient to make 

 this distinction, though in Groningen the clover eelworm behaves as 

 a physiological race specially adapted to clover. 



Rutgers (A. L. L.). Onderzoekingen over het ontijdig afsterven van 

 peperranken in Nederlandsch-Indie. I. Overzicht der vroegere 

 onderzoekingen. II. De pepercultuur op Banka. [Investigations 

 on the premature Dying-out of Pepper Vines in the Dutch East- 

 Indies. I. Review of previous Investigations. II. Pepper Cultiva- 

 tion in Banka.]' — Meded. v. h. Laboratorium voor Plantenziekten, 

 Buitenzorg, no. 18, 1915, 28 pp. & no. 19, 1916, 36 pp., 24 plates. 

 [Received 31st July 1917.] 



Detailed accounts are given of pepper cultivation in the Dutch East 

 Indies, including Banlva, from which island 3,041 metric tons of black 

 and white pepper, worth over £200,000, were exported in 1913. The 

 premature dying-out of the j)epper vines there is due to diseases and 

 various pests, which latter include the Nematode, Heterodera radicicola, 

 Greef., a Lamellicorn {Holotrichia sp.), a weevil, termites, a boring 

 larva, and scale- insects, believed to be Pseudococcus citri, Risso, and 

 Ceroplastodes cajani, Mask. 



\ ■ ^ VAN Hall (C. J. J.). Ziekten en plagen der Cultuurgewassen in Neder- 

 landsch-Indie in 1915. [Diseases and Pests of cultivated Plants 

 s. ; in the Dutch East Indies in 1915.] — Meded. v. li. Laboratorium 



^ voor PlantenzieMen, Builenzorg, no. 20, 1916, 47 pp. [Received 



31st July 1917.] 



Potatoes were attacked by a Coccinellid beetle, Epilachna sp. The 

 foliage of Arachis hypogaea was injured by leaf-eating caterpillars and 

 by nocturnal subterranean larvae, which were controlled by collection 

 after flooding had driven them to the surface. 



Cacao suffered from Helopeltis, cacao moth [Acrocercops cramerella], 

 borers, Plagiolepis longipes (gramang ant) and Lamellicorn beetles. 

 Only slight injury was caused by Oirysomelid beetles, Curculionids 

 and locusts. Teak woods were infested by Cyrtacanthacris nigricornis, 

 Burm., but suffered little from this locust, which, however, spreads 

 from them to neighbouring plantations of Hevea, Castilloa, Ficus 

 elastica, dadap, coffee, cacao, etc. Teak was also injured by Coptotermes 

 sp. and by the Cossid, Duomitus ceramicus, Wlk. Ficus elastica was 

 only slightly injured by borers. The infestation of Hevea by 

 Cyrtacanthacris nigricornis has spread, but it is hoped that the increase 

 of this insect's natural enemies, including an Ichneumonid, Scelio sp., 

 and the fungus, Metarrhizium anisopliae, will check it. Hevea infested 

 by Coptotermes gestroi did not appear to be damaged. The increase 

 of the ant, Oecophylla smaragdina^ was so great on some estates as to 

 prevent tapping. Kapok has been injured by the Noctuid, Miidaria 

 variabilis, Rpke. 



Cinchona pests included Helopeltis antonii, Euproctis jlexuosa, 

 Attacus atlas, A. ricini, Cricula tri fenestrate, Odonestis plagiferay 

 Metanastria. hyrtaca, Daphnis hypothous, and Hyposidra sp. 



