455 



Ermakov (V.). B/iiflHie CHtwHaro noKpoea Ha pacieHin. [The 

 Influence of the Protection of Snow on Plants.] — « CaAOBOA'b-» 

 [The Horticulturist], Rostov-on-Don, xvi, no. 2, February 1917, 

 pp. 64-66. [Received 27th August 1917.] 



The author refers to a previous article [see this Review, Ser. A, iv, 

 p. 381] in which he expressed the view that the withering of many 

 trees during the winter is due not to frost but to the action of insects. 

 Many insects pass their early stages in the soil, and are able to sur- 

 vive in winters when there is plenty of snow ; for this reason, after 

 snowy winters the fruit trees usually give a bad yield ; on the contrary, 

 in the case of cold winters without snow the insects in the soil perish 

 and the trees bear well the following season. 



Abakumov (F.). 063opi» BMHOrpanHMKOBTj PocTOBCKaro Ha floHy 

 OKpyra BTi (})MnnOKCepHOM"b OTHOlueHiM. [Review of the Vineyards 

 of the Rostov-on-Don District with reference to Phylloxera.'] — 

 « CaAOBOflli.)) [The Horticulturist], Rostov-on-Don, xvi, no. 2, 

 February 1917, pp. 68-76, 5 figs. [Received 27th August, 1917] 



The province of Don is still free from Phylloxera, but as this pest is 

 present in the neighbouring province of Kuban and some parts of 

 Caucasia, attention is called to the caution necessary when importing 

 vine plants from these districts, and a general account of the life- 

 history and description of the insect is given, to enable vine-growers 

 to identify it if it should be imported. 



ZviEREzoMB-ZuBKovsKY (E). ripaKTMMecKm onpefltflMienb rjiaBHtw- 

 lUHxii HactKOMbixij BCTptnaioiiiiHxcfl Bii sepnt h sepnoBbixii 

 npoflyKTaxii. [Practical Key to the Identification of the principal 

 Insects found in Grain and Grain-Products], Voronezh, 1916, 17 pp. 

 [Received 31st August 1917.] 



This key has been prepared for the use of students attending the 

 courses for the training of instructors on the control of pests of grain 

 and flour, which have been established by the Department of 

 Agriculture at the Voronezh Agricultural High School, in charge of 

 Prof. V. A. Pospielov. Some general directions are given for the 

 examination of grain and flour, with a number of tables for the 

 identification of the various pests. Some indications as to the presence 

 of pests can be obtained, when inspecting the grain, from the presence 

 of the adult insects or the moulted skins of their larvae. A little 

 experience enables the presence of pests even in apparently undamaged 

 grain to be detected ; for instance, a grain containing the egg of 

 Calandra granaria is covered with particles of flour and bears a minute 

 shining spot ; grains containing the larvae or adult of this weevil are 

 usually of a dull colour and this also applies to grains infested with 

 Sitotroga cerealella, Oliv. WTiere inspection of grain does not reveal 

 any traces of pests, a sample is tested by immersing it in cold or 

 preferably salt water, when the damaged grain will rise to the surface. 

 The grain can further be tested by sifting it and examining the waste 

 with a magnifying glass for the insects or their excreta. Flour 

 containing Tyroglyphus farinae has a disagreeable smell ; when a glass 

 filled with it is exposed to light for 24 hours, the illumined side will 



