461 



found sufficient to keep the insect in check. For regular orchard 

 spraying a dormant spray of lime-sulphur is found to be unnecessary, 

 San Jose scale [Aspidiotus perniciosus] not being present in the State. 

 Three sprayings of the orchard are found sufficient to keep insects 

 and diseases under control : when the fiower-buds begin to show colour, 

 just after the blossoms fall, and two or three weeks later. The materials 

 recommended are 3 lb. arsenate of lead paste or 1| lb. powder to 

 IJ U.S. gals, lime-sulphur, at 32° Be., in 50 U.S. gals, water. If Aphids 

 are present, |- pint 40% nicotine-sulphate solution should be added. 



Agrilus arcuatus (oak twig-girdler) has not previously been reported 

 from the State. The damage becomes apparent in August, when the 

 leaves on the twigs wither owing to the larvae tunnelling beneath the 

 bark of the twig and cutting off the food-supply. In July of the 

 second year they reach their full growth and pupate in the wood 

 beneath the bark. By the end of July, the adults are emerging. The 

 only known control is to prune all dead and dying limbs from the trees. 

 Red oak [Quercus rubra] is the favourite host tree, but bur oak 

 [Q. macroearpa] and white oak [Q. alba] may also be attacked. 



The clover seed chalcis [Bruchophagus funebris] damages something 

 like 25 per cent, of the clover in the State ; it breeds freely in red 

 clover and in lucerne, but apparently not in white clover. The first 

 crop should be cut for hay while the heads are green or pink, or clipped 

 in May, the second crop being allowed to grow to seed. Self-sown 

 clover should not be allowed to bloom. 



The wheat stem maggot [Meromyza americana] damages a consider- 

 able amount of wheat, rye, barley, maize and bluegrass each year. 

 The measures suggested are stacking the grain and threshing from the 

 stack. This would prevent the escape of all the flies except those 

 emerging from the outer layers of the stack. Trap crops, ploughing 

 under the self-sown grain after harvest and keeping wild grasses in 

 check by clean cultivation are also advisable. Autumn-sowing of wheat 

 should be as late as possible ; this is also a good preventive against 

 Hessian fly [Maijetiola destructor]. 



The strawberry weevil [Anthonomus signatus] damages the blossoms 

 and prevents the formation of fruit. As the weevils hibernate in the 

 strawberry field under straw and leaves in the old bed, the one-crop 

 system is recommended. If two crops are required, the field should 

 be cleared of weeds after the fruit harvest and the bed burned. 



The raspberry fruit worm hibernates in the soil at the base of the 

 plants ; in the spring the adults emerge and feed on the tender leaves 

 and buds. Cultivation in late autumn and early spring close to the 

 stems will disturb the hibernating pupae. Spraying the canes in 

 spring when the plants are about 6 inches high with 2 lb. powdered 

 arsenate of lead to 50 U.S. gals, water is very effective. 



Marcovitch (S.). The Strawberry Weevil in Minnesota {Anthonomus 

 signatus. Say.) — Sixteenth Rept. Minnesota Stats Entomologist 

 for 1915 and 1916, St. Anthony Park, 1st December 1916, pp. 

 109-134, 4 plates. [Received 7th August 1917.] 



This paper is a review of the bionomics and control of Anthonomus sig- 

 natus, Say. Much of the information has previously been abstracted 

 [see this Review, Ser. A, iv, p. 189, and the preceding paper]. 



