551 



prevent serious defoliation. Tlie larvae of Monochamus (Monoham- 

 7nus) notatus and ill. scutellatus attack white and red pine logs, while 

 the latter also injures spruce logs, but these injuries can be avoided 

 by floating the logs in a loose boom or turning them about a month 

 after thev have been floated. Barking the logs or covering them with 

 brush effectively prevents the attacks of borers. 



The sawfly, Kaliosysphinga dohrni (imported alder leaf- miner), has 

 been recorded from European alder at Ottawa under the name 

 Fenusa varices, Lep. The larvae excavate mines beneath the upper 

 epidermis of the leaves, thus killing them. The larvae drop to the 

 ground and spin a thin silken cocoon slightly below the surface, the 

 pupal period of the summer brood lasting for about two weeks. There 

 are three generations, the last spinning the over- wintering cocoons. 

 They may be killed in their mines, while small, by strong contact 

 insecticides ; kerosene emulsion, 1 part stock to 5 parts water, killed 

 94 per cent, when applied to foliage containing larvae of all sizes. 

 A still better spray is Blackleaf 40, 1 part to 100 gals, water, with 

 5 lb. soap ; this killed all the larvae in the foliage sprayed. 



CyUene robiniae, Forst. (locust borer) can be controlled by cutting 

 out the infested, dying and useless wood as early as possible and 

 burning it before the middle of July. The hibernating larvae beneath 

 the corky outer bark can be killed by spraying the trunks and branches 

 between October and March ^\ith kerosene emulsion, 1 part stock 

 solution to 2 parts water. 



The Buprestid, Agrilus mixius. Gory (bronze birch borer) has been 

 so injurious to cultivated birches that it is feared that the planting 

 of white birches in infested localities will eventually prove useless. 

 The only safe method of control is the cutting and burning of the 

 entire tree before the middle of May. The larvae were found to be 

 very hea^^ly parasitised in 1916, which probably accounts for the 

 small number of beetles found and for the fact that birches have been 

 dying more slowly during the last few years than heretofore. 



Caesar (L.). Notes on Some Insects of the Season. — 47th Ann. Rept. 

 Entom. Soc. Ontario for 1916, Toronto, 1917, pp. 106-110, 1 fig, 

 [Received 12th October 1917.] 



Hypsopygia {Pyralis) cosfalis (clover hay moth) was reported in 

 large numbers in pea straw that had been stored for two or more years, 

 in which it was associated with Pyralis far inalis (meal snout-moth). 

 Rhyacionia {Evetria) alhicapitana, Busck, was found attacking Pinus 

 hanksiana (divaricata) (Jack pine) by feeding on the young shoots, 

 without however causing their death. Cacoecia rosaceana (oblique- 

 banded leaf-roller), the female of which lays over 300 eggs, was found 

 to be partly single-brooded and partly double-brooded. The larvae 

 from eggs laid in June and early July skeletonise the foliage and some, 

 while not further advanced than the second instar, spin small silken 

 hibernacula, while others become adults that lay eggs in the bark 

 in autumn which remain dormant till the spring. The Buprestid, 

 Agrilus rvficollis, damaged about 25 per cent, of raspberry canes in 

 a plantation, but as this beetle is peculiarly local it can be controlled 

 by cutting down and j)romptly burning infested canes. Heterocordylus 

 malinus and Lygidea mendax (red bugs) on apple trees can be controlled 



