AMERICAN APTKRA. 299 



gual glands and the maxillary forks were then known only in the 

 Corrodentia, the similarity which Packard was able to point out 

 between the two orders was not nearly as great as can be demonstra- 

 ted at the present time. 



Kellogg (7) in 1896 adopted Grosse's view of the mouth-parts. 



In 1896 the present writer (8) prepared an account of the mouth- 

 parts of two Amblyceran and two Ischnoceran species of the Mallo- 

 phaga. Tt was found that the palpi of the Amblycera, as was 

 stated by Grosse, come away from the head in dissections attached 

 to the labium, and that in cleared specimens they appear to be 

 attached to the corners of the labium. On this account the mouth- 

 parts were given the same interpretation as had been given them by 

 Grosse. In this paper, however, was given the first description of 

 the oesophageal sclerite, the lingual glands and the maxillary forks 

 in the Mallophaga. Kellogg (9) in the same paper was then able 

 to carry the comparison between the two orders, Mallophaga and 

 Corrodentia, much farther than Packard had done. The oesopha- 

 geal sclerite is usually a conspicuous object near the centre of the 

 head in cleared specimens on account of its dark brown color and 

 its shield-like shape. For this reason it has been figured by nearly 

 all systematic writers on the Mallophaga, but apparently its true 

 nature had never before been understood, some authors referring to 

 it as the "labium." In 1899 the writer (9) repeated the descrip- 

 tions of the Malloghagan mouth parts and gave observations on 

 the distribution of the oesophageal sclerite in the two suborders 

 Amblycera and Ischnocera. 



Ribaga (11) in 1901 gave a good description of the Corrodentian 

 mouth parts. The maxillary rod he calls the styliform apophysis 

 (apofisi stiliforme), and regards it as morphologically distinct from 

 the maxilla. 



Finally in 1903 Enderlein (13) discusses the Corrodentian mouth- 

 parts and compares them with the mouth parts of the Mallophaga. 

 He regards the palpi of the Amblycera as belonging to the maxillae, 

 but does not admit any correspondence between the mouth parts of 

 the two orders. The maxillary rod he describes as the inner lobe, 

 i. e., lacinia of the maxilla. To the organs called "lingual glands" 

 by Burgess, he gives the following very curious interpretation : The 

 hypopharynx or "endolabium " is described as consisting of a me- 

 dian lobe or "glossa " (the hypopharynx proper), and of two lat- 



TBANS. AM. ENT. SOC. XXXI. AUGUST, 1905. 



