212 LEPIDOPTERA. 



a?iionia and is found in Colorado. It is lighter in color in 

 some specimens and is only a mountain mutation. The type 

 of codes Lintner is a female, and the collections from whence 

 it came were made at Brownsville, Texas, April 1st to 10th; 

 Hidalgo, Texas, April 17th to May 10th ; Lomita Ranch, 

 April 14th to May 20th. The latter place is sixty-five miles 

 from Brownsville and seven miles from Hidalgo. We pos- 

 sess the type of codes and four other specimens, all females. 

 One from Arizona (H. K. Morrison, 1883) and three from 

 Round Mountain, Blanco County, Texas, June 29th to 31st 

 (F. C. Schaupp). Codes, I believe, is the female of antonia. 

 The specimens of antonia in our collection bear the follow- 

 ing data labels ; Brunet County, Texas, April 25th ; Round 

 Mountain, Texas, June 25th, August 14th, October 15th. 

 Also three specimens from fifty miles North and West of 

 Corpus Christi (S. F. Aaron). These specimens are m.en- 

 tioned in Papilio 4, 172, 1884. I am of the opinion that 

 codes is the female of antonia because all the specimens I 

 have seen are females, and all the male specimens from the 

 same general locality are aiitonia. Mr. Edwards in his de- 

 scription of antonia says, "the species is found in Texas and 

 Arizona. I have received several examples from Boll and 

 Belfrage." 



Karl R. Coolidge (Pomona College Journal of Ent., 3, 

 511, 1911) quotes Aaron and considers codes a synonym of 

 leilia. He also considers antonia a synonym of leilia. This 

 may be true enough if we accept Mr. Coolidge's idea as to 

 what constitutes a species. We are trying to elucidate what 

 nature means by gradation and variation and solve interest- 

 ing biological problems. These butterflies are distinctly dif- 

 ferent in appearance and markings, and even though they 

 do intergrade the extremes should have distinctive names. 

 The word species has entirely lost its meaning since the ac- 

 ceptance of the doctrine of evolution. If we put into the 

 synonmy all forms that intergrade we would have very few 

 names of species left and we would not add to the solution 

 of the biological problems involved. On the other hand, I 

 would not have these remarks taken as a license for the 



