118 HORTENSE BUTLER. 



GOMPHLS. 



The new-hatched Goviphus spicatus (PI. II, Fig. 3) is worthy of 

 notice especially with regard to the development of the teeth on the 

 lateral lobe. Instead of having teeth on the upper end, as in Libel- 

 lulia and Epicordulia, or on the inner edge, as in Basiceschna, they 

 are placed all around the edge, giving an intermediate condition, 

 from which the development might very easily go in either direction. 

 No end hook is differentiated.' The Hgula shows four teeth in the 

 center, with a spinule on either side, and finally a tooth on the out- 

 side of each spinule. The line immediately under the border of the 

 ligula, which showed so plainly in Epicordulia, is less plainly marked. 



III. — Homologies of Parts. 



The most important paper upon the homologies of the parts of the 

 labium, which has appeared up to this time, is " Zur Morpliologie 

 der Orthoptera Amphibotica," by A. Gerstaecker. In this Ger- 

 staecker advances the theory that the ligula of the labium is formed 

 by the fusion of the two lacinise (inner laminae), and that each lat- 

 eral lobe consists of the fused 'palpus and galea. In sup[)ort of this 

 theory of the homologies of the parts of the labia and of the maxilla 

 he offers the following evidence : the similarity in appearance, in the 

 imago, of the movable hook of the lateral lobe and of the terminal 

 joint of the palpus, the separation of the lateral lobe into two parts 

 by a longitudinal suture and the different inclination of the surfaces 

 of the two parts of it. 



This assertion seemed to me to be based upon very insufficient 

 evidence, especially in view of the fact that the suture which he 

 mentions as dividing the lateral lobe into two parts seems to be 

 entirely absent in such labia as have been examined in the course 

 of this study. A wide superficial furrow is present, but with care- 

 ful observation no suture could I detect. In another particular 

 Gerstaecker's contention appears to me illogical, for, while he very 

 truly contends that it is probable that in both maxilla and labium 

 there has occurred a fusion of two parts, in the maxilla he l)elieves 

 the lacina and galea to be fused together, while in the labium he 

 thinks that palpus and galea are fused together to forni the lateral 

 lobe, while the ligula represents merely the two lacinje. Moreover, 

 this theory of diverse fusions immediately follows an argument to 

 prove the identity of the palpus in maxilla and labium, based on 



