16 



results. The eggs are parasitised by a Chalcid, which in one planta- 

 tion completely controlled the pest for more than a year. Two other 

 bugs, AgonosceJis pubenda, Stal, and Bagrada picta, L., have been 

 reported on coffee, but the damage they do is slight. 



The worst enemies of coffee, after Antestia, are scale-nisects, which 

 are naturally controlled by Chalcids, Coccinellids, and larvae of lace- 

 wing flies. "The best artificial control is spraying with kerosene emul- 

 sion made bv dissolving h lb. Sunlight soap in 1 gal. boiling water, 

 adding the oil to the hot mixture and churning till a perfect emulsion 

 is made. The follo\\ing spray is recommended for Coccus virid is and 

 similar scales : resin 6 Ib.^ washing soda U lb., w^ater 9 gals. The 

 soda is dissolved in 3 gals, water and this is brought to the boil, the 

 powdered resin being gradually added, and when the solution froths 

 up, cold water is added to make 9 gals. This stock solution should be 

 diluted to make 72 gals, spray, which, to be thoroughly effective, 

 should be used on the day it is made. 



BuEGESS (A. F.) & Collins (C. W.). The Genus Calosoma : including 

 Studies of Seasonal Histories, Habits, and Economic Importance of 

 American Species North of Mexico and of Several Introduced 

 Species. — TJ.S. Dept. Agric, Washington, B.C., Bull. no. 417, 

 25th July 1917, 124 pp., 19 plates, 3 figs. [Received 10th 

 November 1917.] 



This bulletin deals with the recent study and investigation of the 

 genus Calosoma, the authors' work up to 1915 having been a/ready 

 noticed [see this Rei'ieiv, ser. A, iii, pp. 715-717]. The eggs which 

 are laid singly or in groups of two or three, hatch in from 3-1 5 days, 

 depending upon the temperature, the season of the year and the species. 

 C. calidum, ¥., and C. reticidatum, F., have a longer egg-stage than 

 the other species, the eggs of C. sycophanta often hatching in 3 days 

 during very hot weather, ^n New England the various species hatch 

 from 20th May to loth August, feed until mature upon Lepidopterous 

 larvae and pupae, and after two moults pupate for a period of 10-15 

 days. The adult emerges during the latter half of July or in August, 

 and C. calidum and G. reUculatum among other species reach the 

 surface and feed, while C. sycophanta, C. frigidum, Kirby, and other 

 species remain in the pupal ca\aty until the following spring before 

 emerging and taking food. Under field conditions the adults'live for 

 three or four years, or more, depending on their reproduction in 

 various years.. All the species thus far reared have only one generation 

 annually. The adults and larvae of all the species under laboratory 

 conditions readily feed on Lepidopterous larvae and pupae, and 

 sparingly on the immature stages of Coleoptera and Diptera. The 

 larvae of C. sycophanta, are abundant at the time when the caterpillars 

 of Lymaniria {Porihetria) dispar are entering the pupal stage, and, 

 as much food is required for their development, they exert a particu- 

 J^^^y .^^ective control on this pest. Both the adults and larvae of 

 C. ccdidum, F., which feed on and near the ground, destroy annually 

 large numbers of cutworms during the spring and early summer, 

 the fact of the species being more or less nocturnal in its habits 

 increasnig its efficiency. 



