36 



beetles, and several parasitic Chalcids. Little practical value attaches 

 either to the Cladosporiuin fungus, or to the Trombidiid mite, 

 Alhlhromhium gymnopterorum. Of the Coccinelhds, three are species 

 that have been imported into Italy, namely, Bhizohius hphantae, 

 R ventralis and Orcus chahjhaeus. Up to the present their practical 

 importance has not been proved. The indigenous species are Chihcorus 

 hipustuhtus and Exochomus quadripustuhtus, and the Nitidulid, 

 Cyhocephdus mfifrons, Reitter. C. hipustuhtus is unimportant in 

 Italv because its increase there is checked by two parasites, Tetrastichus 

 epihchiae, Giard, and Honmlotylus jlaminius, Dalm. ; in Spain it 

 appears to be a useful enemy of the scale. 



A description of the seven Chalcid parasites of C. dictyospermi 

 occupies the greater part of this paper. The four ectophagous species, 

 Aphycus hesperidum, Mercet, Signiphora merceti, Malen., Aphelinus 

 chrysomphali, Mercet, and A. silvestrii, De Greg., are accidental 

 enemies, at least as concerns C. dictyospermi. Of the endophagous 

 species, Aspidiotijjhagus citrimis, How., is usually also an accidental 

 enemy, A. hunsburyi, Berl. and Paol., is still being tested, and the 

 very recent discovery of Prospaltella fasciata, Malen., taken (together 

 with A. citrinus) from C. dictyospermi on Sansevieria arhorescens at 

 Florence, precludes any estimate of its practical value. AMiile 

 awaiting the help of natural enemies recourse must be had to 

 insecticides, of which Del Gj^ejcio's colloidal polysulphide of calcium 

 has proved to be the best. Full directions for preparing this spray 

 have already been given [see this Review, Ser. A, iv, p. 146]. 



]yiALEXOTn(E.). Gasca hizonica, Malen., n. sp., Endofago di Schizaspis 

 lobata, Ckll. e Rob. [Casca luzonica, sp. n., an endophagous 

 Parasite of Schizaspis lobata.] — Separate, dated 9th November 

 1917, from Redia, Florence, xiii, no. 1, pp. 73-76, 6 figs. 



Casca luzonica, sjp. n., which is described and figured in this paper, is 

 a parasite of Schizaspis lobata, Ckll. & Robinson, infesting the leaves 

 of Ficus nota in the island of Luzon, Phihppines. 



ScHOEVEES (T. A. C). Biologische Bestrijding van schadelijke Dieren. 

 [Biological Measures against injurious Animals.] — Wa.geningen, 

 1917, 8 pp. 



This paper, read on 24th April 1917 before the Society of Natural 

 Science at Wageningen, comprises a brief review of the utiKsation of 

 beneficial insects against injurious species. 



ScHOEVERs (T. A. C). Wormstekigheid in Appelen en Peren. 



[^^orminess in Apples and Fears.] — Tijdschr. Plantenziekten, 

 Wageningen, xxiii, no. 4, August 1917 ; Bijblad, pp. 1-14, 2 plates. 

 [Received 15th November 1917.] 



This paper contains full instructions for combating Cydia {Carpo- 

 capsa) pomonella in HoUand. The use of band-traps is advised, 

 especially those m which depressions have been stamped into both 

 sides of thick paper. Winter spraying with carbolineum is a very 

 simple and cheap means of combating this pest, but until all growers 



