ToRXELLo (F. Cocuzza). Parassiti del Crisonfalo o " Bianca-Rossa" 

 degli Agrumeti siciliani. [The Parasites of the SiciUan Citrus 

 Plantation Pest, Chrysomphalus dictyospermi.] — UAgricoUura 

 Modema, Milan, xxiii, no. 13, Ist^— 15th July 1917, pp. 167-168. 



In this list of the enemies of Chrysomphalus dictyospermi var. 

 pinmdifera, Mask., brief notes are given in each case. 



The insects dealt with are Prospaltella {Aspidioliphagus) lounsburyi, 

 from Madeira, which attacks the nymphs as well as the adults ; 

 Prospaphelinus silvesirii, discovered in Sicily, where it parasitises 

 the nymphs ; Aphelinus chrysomphaU, somewhat similar to the pre- 

 ceding one, discovered in Spain and also occurring in Italy and Sicily ; 

 Aphycus hesperidum. in Spain ; Aspidioliphagus citrinus, usually bred 

 from the adults and found only in greenhouses ; ProspaUella fasciata, 

 another greenhouse parasite ; Sig)iiphora merccti from Spain ; the 

 Coccinellids, Chilocorus bipustukitus, Rhizobius lophanlne and R. ven- 

 tralis ; and Lycosa rapida, fomid at Palermo, this spider being 

 apparently more efficient than C. bipustulatus. The fungi infesting 

 this scale are Aschersonia, Cephalosporium, Nectria, Microcera and 

 Fusarium. 



Gravatt (G. F.) & Marsh.\ll (R. P.). Arthropods and Gasteropods as 

 Carriers of Cranartium ribicola in Greenhouses. — Phytopathology, 

 Baltimore, Md,, vii, no. 5, October 1917, pp. 3G8-373. 



Studies with insects, wood-lice and snails feeding on various species 

 of the genus Ribes attacked by the fungus, Cronartium ribicola, have 

 shown that they have a decided preference for the infected leaves. 

 The weevil, Pantomorus fulleri, was the principal insect concerned, but 

 the red ant, Pheidole anastassi, and the wood-louse, Armadillidium 

 vulgare, were active on le^ives growing close to the ground. These, 

 as well as the cockroach, Blatta orientalis, were found to be the bearers 

 of numerous urediniospores and sporidia of C. ribicola, which under 

 certain conditions may adhere to their bodies for at least a week. 

 It was also found that after feeding on the different spore-stages of 

 the blister-rust fungus, their excreta contained abundant uredinio- 

 spores and in some cases sporidia and pieces of telial columns, and 

 that although alimentation lessened the viability of both the uredinio- 

 and telio-spores, animals are important agents in the dissemination 

 and spread of this fungus. 



WoD5JEDALEK (J, E.). Five Yoars of Starvation of Larvae. — Science, 

 Lancaster, Pa, xlvi, no. 1189, 12th October 1917, pp. 366-367. 



The last of a large number of specimens of Trogoderma tarsale, a 

 beetle well known as a museum pest, survived ^^^thout food of any 

 kind for 1,884 days, and probably, under less disturbed conditions 

 would have lived even longer. The starved larvae gradually decreased 

 in size, as did also the series of cast larval skins, but if given a good 

 supply of food, they again grew until they attained practically the 

 maximum larval size. 



