immediatelv after flight and the females die m the brood-galleries 

 after three to four months. At the entrance-hole and m the air-holes 

 of the brood-galleries pairing takes place repeatedly during oviposition. 

 Healthv birches also are attacked and killed after several successive 

 attacks. Trap-trees standing alone must have a ring cut into them 

 about twenty inches above the roots. This must be done m autumn 

 or spring ; the ring should be about five inches wide and deep enough 

 to reach'^the sap-wood. Two years later the trap-tree must be felled 

 in ^^^nter and removed. Woodpeckers and Ichneumomds help to 

 check this pest. 



Tredl (R.). Biologisches von Xyloterus signatus, Fabr. [Biological 

 Notes on X. signatus, F.]—ZeitscJir. f. Pflanzenkrankheite.n, 

 Stuttgart, xxvii, no. 4, 15th August 1917, p. 214. (Abstract from 

 Entomol. Blatter, xi, 1915, pp. 165-169.) ^ 



Xyloterus signatus, F., has two generations a year. It is on the 

 wing at an early date and is very particular as to the condition and 

 dampness of the brood material. To ascertain the date at which trap- 

 trees become attractive it is necessary to fell trees from spring to 

 autumn and then see which of them is infested when flight takes place 

 in the following spring. A dry, sunny situation may give different 

 results to a damp, shady one. Very probably this Scolytid infests 

 standing ringed trap-trees in the second or third year after ringing, 

 as X. domesticus prefers to do in the case of ringed birches and alders. 



ScHEiDTER (F.). Ueber die Bekampfung des grossen braunen Russel- 



kafers, Hylobius abietis. [Notes on combating Hylobius abietis.] 

 — Zeitschr. f. Pflanzenkrankheiten, Stuttgart, xxvii, no. 4, 15th 

 August 1917, pp. 214-215. (Abstract from Forstwissensch. Central- 

 blatt, xxxvii, 1915, pp. 113-125 & 270-284.) 



This paper discusses the various measures hitherto adopted against 

 Hylobius abietis and advises attention to the following points : Young 

 plants should be protected for three successive years by suitable 

 washes ; if as a consequence adjacent older growth is not attacked, it is 

 unnecessary to collect the beetles. Strong plants must be used for 

 planting, though growing from seed is preferable. Blocks of wood, 

 used as traps, and trenches must only be resorted to where the beetles 

 abound in spite of the stumps being cleared, and the plaiits are not 

 protected by washes. Where clear-cutting is practised, the next 

 felling should follow the first young crop only after 8-10 years. Trap- 

 trenches, artificial traps, barking, charcoal-burning, tarring and 

 covering the stumps with earth are all measures that have little effect 

 and are usually rather costly. 



ScHULZE (P.). Ueber Diastrophus rubi, Htg. [Notes on D. rubi, Htg.] 

 —Zeitschr. f. Pflanzenkrankheiten, Stuttgart, xxvii, no. 4, 15th 

 August 1917, p. 216. (Abstract from Deutsche Entomoloq. Zeitschr.) 

 1916, pp. 223-224.) 



In Brandenburg the Cynipid, Dinstrophus rubi, Htg., has been 

 observed on raspberries, causing not onlv the ordinarv cylindrical 

 galls, but also tested and forked ones. 



