48 



Benedict (R. C). An Outline of the Life-History of the Clothes 

 Moth, Tineola biselliella.— Science, Lancaster, Pa., xlvi, no. 1193, 

 9tli November 1917, pp. 464-466. 



Careful examination extending over a period of four years has led 

 to the conclusion that the extensive damage which is done in connection 

 with the fur and woollen trades in New York is due to Tineola 

 biselliella, while the case-forming clothes moth, Tima, is of 

 comparatively rare occurrence. 



Adults emerge from cocoons in June and July, breeding taking place 

 immediately after emergence and being followed by oviposition ^^'ithin 

 24 hours. Single females lay from 30 to 160 eggs, the average number 

 being 40-50. The eggs are attached among the threads of cloth by 

 some adhesive substance. On hatching the larvae immediately begin 

 to spin a case or passage several times the length of the body, in which 

 they live, a new one being made on a change of feeding place. Larval 

 growth is completed in 10 weeks, the pupal stage lasting for 2 

 weeks, though all stages may be indefinitely prolonged by factors such 

 as the failure of food-supply, and cold. 



As regards remedies, those against the winged adults are worse 

 than useless, and repellents such as tobacco and cedar oil are ineffective 

 in any stage. The larval stage and the eggs can be killed by camphor 

 and naphthaline in closed places, but kerosene and gasoline fumes are 

 not effective, neither have experiments on poisoning the larvae by 

 treating cloth and fur materials met with any success. 



Smith (H. E.). Five New Species of North American Tachinidae. — 



Psyche, Boston, Mass., xxiv, no. 5, October 1917, pp. 137-141. 



The new species described in this paper include Homoeonychia ra'pae, 

 bred from Pieris (Pontia) rapae. 



King (H. H.). The Pink Bollworra {Gelechia gossypiella, Saunders) in 

 the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, and Measures for its Control. — Entom. 

 Bulls, iios. 4 & 5, Wellcome Trap. Research Labs., Khartoum, 

 11th September 1917, 7 & 6 pp. [Received 1st December 1917.] 



The presence of Pectinophora (Gelechia) gossypiella, Saunders (pink 

 bollworm) was first detected in the Sudan in April 1916, since when 

 it has been taken in several localities and may be considered to have 

 established itself in the country, some districts being heavily infested. 

 It probably entered the Sudan in seed imported from Egypt prior 

 to 1913, in which year importation of cotton seed from that country 

 was stopped. 



The known food-plants of this pest in Egypt, besides cotton, are 

 Hibiscus esculentus, H. cannabinus and Althaea rosea (hollyhock). In 

 the Sudan it has been taken on Abutilon spp., which are favourite 

 food-plants o"f several cotton pests, including Farias insulana, 

 Oxycarenus hyalinipennis and Nisotra uniformis (cotton flea-beetle). 



Legislation to check the spread of the pink bollworm and control it 

 in districts where it is already estabhshed, provides for the 

 following :— Prohibition of the importation into the Sudan of cotton 

 seed and ginned or unginned cotton except under special permit ; 



