79 



the interior making great excavations and reservoirs to preserve the 

 water during rainless periods the loss of the many birds that have 

 previously perished during the long droughts will be obviated. 



Mayne (R.)- Insectes et autres Animaux attaquant le Cacaoyer au 

 Congo Beige. [Insects and other Animals attacking Cacao-trees 

 in the Belgian Congo.] — Etudes Biologie agricole, no. 3 ; Ministere 

 Colonies, Service Agric., Royaume de Belgique, London, May 1917, 

 80 pp., 5 plates, 15 figs. [Received 29th December 1917.] 



As cacao cultivation is expected to become one of the most important 

 and valuable industries in the Belgian Congo, the author has considered 

 it advisable to include in this list of pests of that plant, not only those 

 species that require immediate control measures, but also those that 

 have been collected in the course of some years' investigations or that 

 have been reported as feeding on cacao, even though their depredations 

 appear at the present time to be quite insignificant, since these under 

 changing external influences may become serious enemies of the 

 cultivated plant. 



Insects that attack only the foliage and shoots are : — Coleoptera. 

 RuTELiDAE : Anomala denuda., Arr. ; Melolonthidae : Eidepida 

 reichei, Thoms., PseudotrocJialus concolor, Kolbe, Aserica variegata,, Arr., 

 Triodonta procera, Lansb., Congella congoana, Brnsk. ; Curculionidae : 

 Systates amabilis, Fst., S. maynei, Mshl., S. ramosus, Mshl., Isclino- 

 irachelus anchoraUs, Fst., Blosyrus dorsalis, Jek., Eupiona tripartita, 

 Fst., CJiaunoderus transversalis, Fst., Catascythropus acuticollis, Kolbe ; 

 Chrysomelidae : Menius viridiaeneus, Jac, M. calceatus, Lei., 

 M. parvulus, Jac. Lepidoptera. Hesperiidae : Rhopalocampta chalybe, 

 Westw. ; LiMACODiDAE : Parasa vivida, Wlk., P. microbasis, Hmp., 

 Baria elsa, Druce ; Arctiidae : Diacrisia maculosa. Cram. ; Lasio- 

 CAMPIDAE : Leipaxais crenidata, B. Baker, Gonofneta pallens, B. Baker ; 

 Lymantriidae : Dasychira niobe, Weym., D. endophaea, Hmp. ; 

 Rhynchota. Coreidae : Pendulinus carmelita, Burm. Orthoptera. 

 Phymatidae : Zonocerus variegatus, L, Thysanoptera, including 

 three species of thrips. ' 



Insects occurring in diseased parts of the plant are : — Coleoptera. 

 Anthribidae : Gynandrocerus sp., Litocerus sp. Pseudoneuroptera. 

 Termitidae : Eutermes maculiventris, Sj., E. elegantulus, Sj., E. parvus, 

 Hav., E. latifrons, Sj., Rhinotermss latnanianus, Sj. 



The larger borers that attack healthy trees are : — Coleoptera. 

 Cerambycidae : Tragocephala anselli, Bates, T. maynei, Gahan, 

 Moecha adusta, Har. ; Bostrychidae : Apate monacha, L. ; Curcu- 

 lionidae : Alcides erroneus, Thoms., A. theobromae, Mshl., A. aschanti- 

 cus, Fst. Lepidoptera. Megalopygidae : Eulophonotus myrmeleon, 

 Feld. Lesser borers include : — Coleoptera. Scolytidae : Xyleborus 

 perforans, Woll., Eccoptopterus sexspinosus. Mots., Cryphalus sp., 

 Hypothenemus sp., Platypus sp., Crossotarsus spp. ; Cerambycidae : 

 Exocentrus ortmansi, Gah. 



Insects causing injuries to the pods that do not degenerate into 

 cankers are : — Coleoptera. Anthribidae : Araecerus fasciculatus, 

 De G. ; Chrysomelidae : Menius parvulus, Jac. ; Cucujidae : 

 Laemophloeus janeti, Grouv. Lepidoptera. Lymantriidae : Euproctis 

 mediosquamosa, B. Baker ; Noctuidae : Characoma stictigrapta, Hmp.; 

 Pyralidae : Mussidia nigrivenella, Rag. Hymenoptera. Formicidae : 



