93 



adult weevils hibernate in moss and under dry leaves and appear in 

 the spring, attacking the leaves of Leguminosae, especially of beans 

 and peas. When quite young the plants generally succumb, though 

 larger plants do not suffer greatly, even if the loss of foliage amounts 

 to 10-20 per cent. Later in the season the larvae attack the roots of 

 the plants, especially the bacterial nodules. The mmiber of eggs laid 

 is probably not high, a female in captivity producing only six larvae. 

 The larvae become full-grown in from four to six weeks, and in the 

 middle of July the pupae are found in cells beneath the plants. 

 Rotation of crops is recommended as a remedy. 



Kemxer (N. a.). Rapsbaggen {Meligelhes aeneus, F.) — Centralansfalten 

 for Jordbruksforsok, Flygblad no. 64, June 1917, Entomologiska 

 Avdelningen, no. 17, 4 pp., 3 figs. [Received 14th February 1918.] 



As a rule only one annual generation of Meligethes aeneus occurs in 

 Sweden, though during warm summers two may be present. This 

 Nitidulid beetle is distributed all over the country and is common 

 everywhere. In 1892-1895 it did so much injury to the rape fields of 

 Gotland that the cultivation of this j)lant had to be abandoned. It 

 seems questionable whether spraying with arsenicals is advisable, since 

 it has been ascertained that this may interfere with the bearing of the 

 plants. The author, therefore, suggests the use of nets. During the 

 outbreak in Gotland, Lampa with the help of a net collected no less 

 than 133,000 beetles in 15 minutes, 95 per cent, of which were 

 Meligetlies. Another method which has proved very useful in Germany 

 is the so-called Sperling's apparatus, consisting of boards covered with 

 tar, which are dragged between the rows about a foot above the ground. 



Kemner (N. a.). Bjorksackmalen {Coleophora fuscedinella, Zell.) och 

 dess upptradande aren 1915-1917. [The Birch Sack-moth, Cole- 

 ophora fuscedinella, Zell., and its Occurrence in Sweden in 

 1915-1917.] — Meddelande fran Centralanstalten for Fdrsoksvd- 

 sendet pa Jordbruksomradet, no. 162 ; Entomologiska Avdelningen, 

 no. 28, 28 pp., 30 figs. [Received 14th February 1918.] 



During the years 1915-1917 birches over a large part of Sweden 

 were attacked by Coleophora fuscedinella, Z. The moths appeared in 

 the end of June and the beginning of July ; they are somewhat 

 nocturnal in their habits and are therefore easily overlooked, the 

 •damage done by the caterpillars being sometimes ascribed to frost. 

 The eggs are deposited on the smallest twigs, on the half-opened 

 leaves and on the scales of the buds, two or three together, and are 

 concealed as much as possible. The larva hatches in a fortnight and 

 makes a blotch-mine in a leaf. A new mine is afterwards made which 

 forms the case of the larva and concealed in this it makes other mines 

 in the leaves. As the larva increases in size it adds small rings of leaf 

 to the anterior margin of the case, which becomes horn-shaped. In 

 this case hibernation takes place, the larva deserting the leaves and 

 attaching the case to a twig in the autumn. In May of the following 

 year, the larva leaves its winter quarters and begins to attack the 

 young leaves one after another, doing at this time far more damage 

 than during the previous autumn. In many localities the birches 



