174 



Maki (M.). Taiwansan soju gaichu ni kan suru chosa hokoku. 



[Eeport on Injurious Insects of the Mulberry Tree in Formosa.] 

 — Formosan Government Agricullural Experiment Station, Publica- 

 tion no. 90, May 1916, 265 pp., 24 figs., plates i-xiv. [Eeceived 

 1st April 1918.] 



This report describes 87 insects and 6 other animals that are known 

 to^be injurious to the mulberry tree in Formosa. Some natural 

 enemies and general remedial measures are also described. A descrip- 

 tion is given of each species, together with its distribution, and when 

 the life-history, habits and preventive measures are known, these are 

 described in detail. The following is a Ust of all the species dealt 

 with. 



Orthoptera. Brachytrypes achatinus, Stal, usually appears in 

 abundance after the rains, and the natives utilise the early stages for 

 food. Atractomorplia bedeli, Bob, does not cause very serious damage. 



Isoptera. Odontotermes formosanus, Shiraki. 



Thysanoptera. Phloeothrips sp. and Rhaphidothrips sp., very 

 injurious to the fohage in October and November, and again in April ; 

 not so injurious in other months. 



Homoptera. Icerya purcJiasi, Mask. Pseudococcus sp. P. citri, 

 Risso, very injurious and causes the tree to wither. P. filamentosus, 

 Ckll., rarer than the preceding species. P. longicornis, Ket., rare. 

 P. virgatus, Ckll., not very injurious. Ceroplastes ceriferus, And., not 

 very injurious. Saissetia (Lecanium) nigra, Niet. Aidacaspis {Dius- 

 pis) pentagona, Targ., a formidable pest ; found more abundantly in 

 the northern parts of the island than the southern, and more on the 

 plains than in the mountains ; there are five broods ; gas fumigation 

 and kerosene emulsion are the remedies recommended against it. 

 Inglisia bivalvata, Green, very shghtly injurious. Pidvinaria sp.. 

 Aleurodes sp., very injurious ; distributed universally from altitudes 

 of 3,000-4,000 feet to the sea-coast ; a special fungus infests this insect ; 

 soap solution is suggested as an effective spray. Aleurodes sp., not 

 such a serious pest as the other species. Psylla sp., a notoriously 

 injurious insect, occurring throughout the island. Nephotettix apicalis, 

 Mots., rather rare on mulberry trees, although very injurious on 

 Gramineae. Tettigoniella viridis, L. ; T. Jerruginea apicalis, Walk. ; 

 Chlorita flavescens, F. ; Nirvana orientalis. Mats., var. rubrosutiiralis, 

 Mats. ; Aphroph&ra auropilosa, Mats. ; Dictyophora sinica, Walk. ; 

 Ossa dimidiata. Mats. ; Geisha distinctissitna, Walk. ; Tonga formosana, 

 Mats. ; Mogannia hebes, Walk. ; Cicada ochracea, Walk. ; all of 

 minor importance. 



Heteroptera. Argenis sp. ; Nezara viridvla, L. ; Plautia fimbriata, F. 

 {stali, Scott) ; Menida histrio, F. ; Canthecona furcellata, Wolff, 

 var. farmosana, Shiraki ; Dalpada smaragdina, Walk. ; Poecilocoris 

 druraei, L. ; Erthesina fidlo, Thunb. ; Eusarcocoris guitiger, Thunb. ; 

 Coptosoma formosana, Shiraki ; Cletus bipunctatus, H. S. ; Clavigralla 

 spinofemoralis, Shiraki ; Acanthocoris sordidus, Thunb. ; Leptocorisa 

 varicornis, F. ; Riptortus linearis, F. ; all of minor importance. 



Lepidoptera. Pachyrhina makiella, Mats., and Archips minor, 

 Shiraki, only shghtly injurious. Glyphodes pyloalis, Walk., very 

 injurious to mulberry leaves, the life-history and habits being described 

 in detail ; the insect is single-brooded, the moth appearing in spring ; 



