179 



numbers of gipsy moths destroyed in their various stages. Thousands 

 of parasites have been liberated and distributed, including Ajmnteles 

 h-cteicolor, Compsilura concinnata and Meteor us versicolor, as well as 

 Anastatus hifasciaius, a minute parasite that feeds on the egg of the 

 gi^Jsy moth, the results being so satisfactory that in some districts the 

 brown-tail moth has entirely disappeared. 



Bernard (C). HelojpeUis-\iesiY\]Caxig op eene Onderneming in de 

 Djampang. [HelopeUis Control on an Estate in Djampang.] — 

 Meded. Proefstation voor Thee, Buitenzorg, Ivi, 1917, pp. 4-6. 



On a tea estate where about 204,000 lb. of tea was plucked in 1914, 

 the yield rose to about 374,000 lb. in 1915 and a crop of 440,000 lb. was 

 expected in 1916. Instead of this, only about 189,000 lb. was obtained 

 owing to an outbreak of HelopeUis, which began after the drought of 

 1914, became disquieting in June 1915, and reached its maximum in 

 April 1916. 



In 1917 more methodical remedial measures were carried out. The 

 tea pluckers collected HelopeUis in the morning up to about 8.30 a.m. 

 in the plots where they worked and again in the evening in any place 

 they chose. From June onwards about 100 coolies were employed in 

 collecting the bugs in the plots already dealt with, by the pluckers, 

 after an 8-day interval. These coolies worked from early morning to 

 about 11.30 a.m. An additional measure was spraying with a 2 per 

 cent, soap solution after pruning ; after 7 or 8 days the plots were 

 again treated and this was done over a period of about 5 months. 

 Gardens in which little wood was formed after pruning and which 

 contained hea\aly attacked plots were not pruned at first, but after 

 the bushes had recovered somewhat, they were subjected to a light 

 horizontal pruning and subsequently carefully plucked. After the 

 heavy infestation of 1916, which was followed by a severe attack of red 

 rust, ordinary pruning was discontinued and light under-pruning was 

 efiected to remove badly developed twigs unsuitable for plucking. 

 This facilitated collection and also rendered the conditions less 

 favourable to the larvae. After the application of these measures an 

 improvement was noticed. Though enormous numbers of HelopeUis 

 are still captm-ed, the injury has decreased, and the measures adopted 

 are undoubtedly the chief factor in this improvement. This is 

 confirmed by the fact that whereas at first the larvae formed 50 per 

 cent, of the catches this proportion has now fallen to 10 per cent. 



Zeehandelaak (A.). Moeten we HelopeUis bestrijden, is dit loonend? 

 [Ought we to combat HelopeUis — Does this pay?] — Meded. 

 Proefstation voor Thee, Buitenzorg, Ivi, 1917, pp. 7-15. 



This paper records the author's experience as manager of a tea 

 estate where local conditions do not favour control. The climate is 

 very damp, the rains set in early, the ground is broken with deep 

 depressions, the plants are still young (the oldest being 6 years old) 

 and therefore weak, and furthermore the East Monsoon [dry season] is 

 particularly damp. 



In 1914-1915 the entire estate was severely attacked. The first 

 remedial measure applied (in 1915) was the rapid pruning of a large 

 area, .but the collection of HelopeUis was the chief measure relied on. 



(C463) a2 



