184 



OsHiMA (M.). Notes on a Collection of Termites from Luzon, obtained 

 by R. C. McGregor. — Philippine Jl. Sci., Manila, xii, sec. D, 

 no. 4, July 1917, pp. 221-225, 1 fig. [Received 2nd March 

 1918.] 



The termites dealt with in this paper are : — Calotermes (Neotermes) 

 malatensis, sp. n. ; CojJtotermes travians, Hav. ; Termes {Macrotermes) 

 philippinensis, Oshima ; Eutermes {HospitaUtermes) luzonensis, sp. n. ; 

 E. halintauacensis, sp. n. ; E. mimitus, Oshima ; and Microcerotermes 

 losbanosensis, Oshima. 



Back (E. A.) & Pemberton (C. E.). The Mediterranean Fruit Fly in 

 Hawaii. — U.S. Dept. Agric, Washington, DC, Bull. no. 536, 

 26th January 1918, 119 pp., 21 plates, 24 figs., 32 tables. 



This lengthy and well-illustrated bulletin deals exhaustively with the 

 subject of the Mediterranean fruit-fly {Ceratitis cajnMa, Wied.) in all 

 its bearings. Much of the subject-matter has already been noticed 

 [see this Revieiv, Ser. A, iii, pp. 332, 374, 412 ; iv, pp. 134, 289 ; vi, 

 p. 167]. Stress is laid on the point that control must be by means of 

 natural enemies, artificial control being practically impossible under 

 the conditions existing in Hawaii. A complete list of the Braconid, 

 Proctotrupid, and Chalcidid parasites of the fruit-fly, as recorded by 

 Silvestri, is given, to which should be added Pachycrepoideus duhiiis, 

 introduced from the Philippines during the early part of 1914. 



The life-histories of the following parasites are described : — 

 Tetrastichns gijfardianus, Silv., which, previous to his published 

 description in 1915, Silvestri had confused with T. gijfardi, hence 

 references to Tetrastichus as a parasite of Ceratitis cnpitata in Hawaii 

 should be taken to refer only to T. giffardianus ; Opius humilis, Silv. ; 

 Diachasma tryoni, Cam. ; and D. fuUawayi, Silv. 



At present a struggle for supremacy is taking place between Opius 

 humilis on the one hand, and Diachasma tryoni and D. fullawayi on the 

 other, the latter two having the advantage of possessing much longer 

 ovipositors, by means of which they are able to reach their host larvae 

 through the tissues of infested fruits, while the greater hardiness and 

 more rapid development of 0. humUis are points in its favour. This 

 advantage is however nullified by its cannibalistic habits, which impel 

 it to destroy earlier hatched larvae of its own species within the same 

 host. During the summer, when D. tryoni matures more rapidly, it 

 attains an ascendency over 0. humilis, which is again reversed during 

 the winter months. Should D. fullawayi become thoroughly 

 established, it will probably supplant D. tryoni, as it gives promise of 

 being a most efficient parasite of the fruit-fly, especially in coffee 

 berries. 



Instead of supplementing the work of the Opiines, Tetrastichus 

 giffardianus will probably prove a competitor, its larvae being able to 

 hold their own against Opiine larvae in the same host, usually causing 

 their death. Neither this species nor Pachycrepoideus dubius is yet 

 present in sufficient numbers to be an effective factor in control. 



It has been found necessary to omit from this bulletin a bibliography 

 of about 350 references, accompanied by a brief resume. 



