194 



control method will necessarily be liable to variation with the climate, 

 number of generations and other kno"«ai factors in different neighbour- 

 hoods. 



There has been an increasing tendency on the part of the public, 

 largely owing to the increasing shortage of food, to demand a slackening 

 of inspection and quarantine regulations. International commerce 

 has been revolutionised during the War, and what future changes will 

 occur cannot be foreseen, but it is clear that the inspection service 

 will be greatly needed. The great probability is that there will be a 

 serious shortage of suitably trained entomologists and teachers of 

 entomology during the next ten years ; it is suggested that renewed 

 attention should be given to the further development of means and 

 methods of teaching entomology in the college and university. Men 

 who will regard the broader aspects of the science are required at the 

 head ; local interests must be submerged^ in order to promote the 

 general welfare and produce the fullest service that economic ento- 

 mology can render to the nation. 



During the discussion following this address, it was suggested that 

 other States would do well to follow the lead of Illinois, where a law 

 has been passed empowering the Director of Agriculture to issue a 

 proclamation whenever an insect pest threatens serious injury, setting 

 forth the measures that must be adopted to combat it, non-com- 

 pliance ^\^th the law entailing prosecution. 



Paddock (F. B.). Texas Aphid Notes. -JL Econ. Entom., Concord^ 

 N.H., xi, no. 1, February 1918, pp. 28-29. 



Although from time to time the occurrence of various Aphids in 

 Texas has been recorded, no list of the species occrn'ring in the State 

 has been published. This family is however of considerable economic 

 importance, the destructive species including Toxoptera graminum, 

 Kond. (wheat aphis), Aphis gossypii, Glover (melon or cotton aphis), 

 Aphis fseudohrassime, Davis (turnip aphis), Aphis padi, L. (oat 

 aphis), and Ajjhis maidis, Fitch (corn-leaf aphis). Of these, T. grami- 

 num is well-known as a serious pest, A. gossypii has caused the 

 growing of melons and cucumbers to be abandoned in some districts, 

 and A. pseudobrassicae has had a similar effect upon turnips. A. padi 

 annually destroys acres of oats, while A. maidis stunts the growth of 

 maize and of sorghum. 



The most remarkable fact in the life-histories of these Aphids in 

 Texas, is the absence of the sexual forms, it having been stated 

 that south of the 35th parallel these forms have rarely been 

 observed except at high altitudes. Although sexual forms of A. padi, 

 A. maidis and T. graminum occur throughout the north, they have 

 not yet been found in Texas, but further investigation on this point is 

 necessary. Sexes of A. gossypii have not been fomid even in the 

 north. In the species carefully investigated, including T. graminum, 

 A. pseudobrassicae and A. gossypii, the normal form of reproduction 

 is asexual throughout the entire'year. Even close to the 34th parallel, 

 viviparous reproduction among Aphids persists throughout the 

 winter. Though temperatures of 15° to 20° F. are then not infrequent, 

 A. pseudobrassicae and T. graminum survive, their reproduction being 

 retarded. In the southern section of the State, where frost rarely 



