213 



Other species are A. cardui, L. (long-beaked tkistle aphis) ; Rhopalo- 

 siphum (Siphocort/ne) nymphaeae, L. (water-hly aphis) ; and Phorodon 

 humuli, Schrank (hop aphis). 



Cherry Aphids are Myzus cerasi, F. (black cherry aphis) and 

 A. cemsifoUae, Fitch (choke-cherry aphis). 



The chief Aphids attacking the peach are Myzus (Rhopalosiphum) 

 persicae, Sulz. (green peach aphis), and Anuraphis {Aphis) persicae- 

 niger, Smith (black peach aphis), often so numerous as to cause the 

 death of dormant-budded nursery trees. 



Red and black currants and gooseberry bushes suffer from infesta- 

 tion by Myzus ribis, L. (currant aphis) ; Rhopalosiphum lactucae, Kalt. 

 (sow-thistle aphis) ; Myzus dispar, Patch (green currant aphis) ; 

 Aphis varians, Patch (variable currant aphis) ; A. sanborni, Patch 

 (green gooseberry aphis) ; A. houghtonensis, Troop ; A. neomexir 

 canus, Ckll. ; and A. ribis, Sanborn. 



The foliage of grape-vines is attacked in some localities by Phyl- 

 loocera vitifoliae (grape phylloxera), but since it chiefly attacks the roots 

 and requires special control measures, it is not dealt with in this 

 bulletin. The young shoots and leaves are often heavily infested 

 with Macrosiphum illinoisensis, Shimer, the alternative host-plant 

 of which is the black haw [Viburnum prunifolium). 



The natural enemies of Aphids include various species of parasitic 

 and predaceous insects and fungous diseases, which exert a very 

 important influence in their control. The principal ones are the 

 larvae and adults of the Coccinellid, Hippodamia convergens, the 

 larvae of the Syrphid fly, Allograpta obliqua, the larvae of two or 

 three species of lace- wing flies, and a number of parasitic Hymenoptera. 



Artificial control by means of contact sprays should be employed 

 in early spring when the buds are beginning to expand, the best 

 insecticides to use being nicotine solution, fish-oil or laundry soap 

 washes and kerosene emulsion ; formulae for the preparation of these 

 are given. In addition to these, clean culture, by which the pests 

 are deprived of alternative host-plants, is a remedial work of the first 

 importance. 



Morgan (A. C.) & McDonough (F. L.), The Tobacco Budworm and its 

 Control in the Southern Tobacco Districts. — U.S. Dept. Agric., 

 Washington, D.C.,¥sivmevs' Bull. no. 819, July 1917, 11 pp., 2 figs. 

 [Received 1st March 1918.] 



Heliothis (Chloridea) virescens, F. (rhexiae, S. & A.) (tobacco 

 budworm), is one of the most important insect pests of tobacco, 

 especially in the southern United States, wherever tobacco is cultivated 

 for cigar purposes. 



The damage is done by the small larvae, which eat through the tips 

 of leaves in the developing buds, both in open and covered fields, 

 thereby reducing the yield and rendering the product practically 

 worthless, except as a cigar filler and plug filler. 



The eggs are deposited singly on the leaves, usually on the under-side, 

 throughout the growing season, hatching in from 3 to 5 days. On 

 emergence the minute larvae fed sparingly on minute areas of the 

 leaf surface, migrating to the bud in about 24 hours. The larval 

 stage lasts 18-31 days during May and June, at the end of which 



