234 



It includes the well-known tarnished jalant-bug, Lygus praiensis, L., 

 a cosmopolitan pest of long standing on a variety of plants of economic 

 value. Other species such as L. invitus, Say, and L. communis var. 

 novascotiensis, Knight, during the past five years have become serious 

 pests of pears and apples ; hence there is a strong probability that 

 other forms now present on native wild vegetation may change their 

 food-habits and attack cultivated plants. A list is given of 67 species 

 and varieties arranged in 6 sections, 34 species and 10 varieties being 

 described as new. 



A bibliography .of 78 works is appended. 



KoNDO (T.). Ni-san-ka Meichu. [The Two- and Three-brooded Rice- 

 Borers.] — Rinji-liokohi [Extra Report], Nagasaki Agricultural 

 Exjjeriment Station, no. 18, 20th May 1917, 8 plates, 103 pp. 



This report describes in detail the morphology, life-histories, habits 

 and methods of control of two moths, viz : — Chilo simplex, Butl., 

 commonly known as the two-brooded rice-borer, because it has two 

 generations, and Schoenobius incertellus, Wlk. {bipunctifer, W!k.), the 

 three-brooded rice-borer. These two insects are the most important 

 rice pests in Japan. 



All the stages of Chilo simplex are described in detail. It winters 

 within cut-off stems or stumps as a larva, which pupates at the end 

 of March or April and appears as an adult from the beginning of May 

 to July. The moth oviposits on the rice leaves and the resulting 

 larvae bore in groups into the stalk of the plant, causing wdthering 

 of the heart. These larvae, after having devoured the contents of 

 the stalk, pupate in the middle or end of August. The adults appear 

 at the end of August or the beginning of September. The next 

 generation of larvae again bore into the stalks, injuring the leaf- 

 sheath en route. The first evidence of injury by this pest is therefore 

 a change in the colour of the leaf-sheath, which is followed by a 

 withering of the ear. The fully fed larvae of the second brood hiber- 

 nate mainly in the cut stalks and pupate in the folloAving year. The 

 moth, which hides by day and becomes active at night, is readily 

 attracted by lights. The eggs are laid in masses of 2,500-3,000, or 

 more, though a female may deposit from one to twelve masses 

 containing about 200 eggs on an average. The eggs of the first brood 

 are usually laid on the upper surface of the leaf near the tip, while 

 those of the second are found at the point of juncture of the leaf- 

 sheath and the stalk. When the larva bores into the young rice 

 plant in the field after transplanting, the leaf- sheath is often injured 

 wdth the result that the leaf falls and floats on the water, these floating 

 leaves being considered a sign of injury by the first brood larvae,, 

 whereas a change in the colour of the leaf-sheath is similarly charac- 

 teristic of infestation by the second brood. Well-developed and 

 manured plants suffer more injury than weakly ones. Though this 

 borer winters chiefly in the stubble of rice-plants, it may also hiber- 

 nate in the stems of Amarantus blitum, Cephalotaxus drupacea, Cyperus 

 iria, Andropogon sorghum, Eleusine indica and Scirpiis eriophorum. 



As regards preventive measures collection of the moths may be 

 effected either wdth nets or trap lanterns. Of the latter the author 

 describes 37 different types and quotes the results of experiments with 

 these at the Kiushiu branch of the Imperial Agricultural Experiment 



