276 



Aders (VV. M.). Entomology in Relation to Agriculture. — Zanzibar 

 Protectorate Ann. Rep. Pub. Health Dept. for 1916, Zanzibar, 

 1917, p. 36. 



No serious outbreak of insect pests has occurred during the year. 

 Ceratitis cajntata (Mediterranean fruit-fly) has been found infesting 

 imported oranges and mandarins, but the distribution is not widespread 

 and apparently native-grown trees are far less susceptible. This fly 

 may become a menace to the citrus industry, and its control is a serious 

 problem. 



Oryctes mouoceros and 0. boas are prevalent and injurious to 

 coconuts in Pemba. 



Egberts (A. W. R.)- Report on Aphidae for 1916. — Lancashire & 

 Cheshire Naturalist, Darwen, x, no. iii, June 1917, pp. 78-79. 



The Aphids recorded include : — Peniphigus bursaritis, L., and 

 P. filaginis, Boy., on poplar ; Lachniella nigrotuberculata, Del G., on 

 Larix lejjtolepis ; and Aphis sambuci, L. , on elder. 



The following Hymenopterous parasites and hyper-parasites of 

 Aphids were taken : — Ap)kidius ribis, Hal., from Myzus ribis ; Aphidius 

 sp. , from Aphis ? hold, Ferr. ; a species of Praon, either P. flavinode 

 or P. volucre, Hal. , from A. abietina, Wlk. ; Allotria sp. from A. bras- 

 sicae ; Lygocerus sp. from A. avenae ; Lygocerus sp., from Amphorophora 

 ampidlata, Buckt. ; Asaphes vulgaris, Wlk., from Aphis ?holci, Myzus 

 ribis, and Amphorophora ampullata. 



CoGAN (E. S.). Some Phases of Applied Entomology in South Africa. 



■ — S. African Jl. Science, Capetoivn, xiv, no. 6, January 1918, 

 pp. 260-262. [Received 1st May 1918.] 



The author points out that while South Africa is economically a 

 young country, it is progressing so rapidly that it is taking a foremost 

 place in respect of fruit culture and the production of grain and other 

 crops. Entomological problems are diverse and numerous and require 

 attention from various aspects, as well as initiative, adaptabihty and 

 perseverance on the part of the entomologists dealing with them. 

 Attention is drawn to what the author considers the important factors 

 in this W'Ork. As the field is large, covering a great stretch of country 

 with var}ang geographical conditions, the training of the entomologist 

 should be on broad and fundamental lines, and should include some 

 study of the closely related sciences of botany and bacteriology. The 

 opportunities for developing speciahsed branches of entomology are 

 boundless. The discovery of new, cheap, and if possible more efficient 

 chemical compounds for use in insect control work is an immediate 

 necessity. Many other Unes of research are suggested ; the reactions 

 of plants to various stimuli, choice of resistant varieties, control of 

 insects by natural parasites, and ecology or the inter-relationship of 

 animals and plants, are among the subjects that offer great possi- 

 biUties to the investigator. 



