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throuorhout the year. Educational work by means of farm visits, 

 travelling exhibits, lantern-slide lectures and the press, represents 

 the most that can be done with such insects as the Hessian fly 

 [Mayetiola destructor] and subterranean species. Farmers' institutes, 

 movable schools, moving pictures and travelling exhibits, are all 

 valuable means of educational work, while newspaper articles, when 

 timely, are also of great value, since they easily reach the greatest 

 number of people. 



Demonstration work, such as orchard spraying, admits of pre- 

 arranged planning which can be carried out as scheduled, but that 

 against staple crop insects cannot be anticipated in advance and can 

 be applied only when the pests appear, though definite work for each 

 month from March to December can do much to reduce the injury 

 caused by such outbreaks. 



Hunter (S. J.). Municipal Control of the Spring Canker Worm.— J/. 

 Econ. Entom., Concord, N.H., xi, no. 2, April 1918, pp. 164-167. 



During the spring of 1916 and 1917 the spring canker worm [Palaea- 

 crita t'ernata] was unusually abundant and destructive in cities of 

 eastern Kansas. In the former year, instructions issued through the 

 press led many property owTiers to place tanglefoot bands on their 

 elm trees and to renew the tanglefoot or other adhesive substance 

 two or more times. A few kept the bands properly renewed with 

 tanglefoot throughout the spring, but the results were unsatisfactory, 

 since enough caterpillars were bred on the unprotected and partly 

 protected trees to defoliate them and also to reach protected trees 

 by way of the interlocking branches. 



The following spring the city commissioners on 23rd January 

 ordered the elm trees to be banded, the cost of the work, when done 

 by the city, being charged to the properties. The city banded 6,000 

 trees and the property owners 5,000, not one of which died or was 

 defoliated. The tanglefoot was renewed from 10 to 13 times, the 

 cost being from one to three shillings per tree for the season according 

 to size. These renewals necessitated the burning off of the insects on 

 the bands ^^^th a blow torch. The bands were kept fresh till 1st May, 

 and it was necessary to do the work thoroughly and persistently as 

 the insects were able to cross the bands if this was neglected. 



The use of arsenical sprays against the canker worm in cities is not 

 safe, practical or economical, as it stains the paint on buildings and 

 is washed from roofs into cisterns, while the expense is many times 

 that of banding. 



The tar-paper bands used were made by a mattress factory in 

 rolls of twenty-five feet, with a mixture of cotton and jute glued to 

 the under-side. Many adhesive substances were experimentally tried, 

 but none gave such uniformly good results as tanglefoot, by which, 

 the moths, as well as the caterpillars that hatched below the bands, 

 were captured on their way up, and those that had previously ascended 

 were caught on their way down. 



During the discussion that followed this paper, it was stated the 

 young larvae can be carried by the wind as far as half a mile during 

 the first three days after hatching by means of the delicate threads 

 that they spin. It was also stated that 20 banded trees each showed 



