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GoDARD (A.). Utility ou Nocuite des Principales Especes d'Oiseaux 

 indigenes. [The Utility or Noxiousness of the Principal Species of 

 Indigenous Birds.] — Bull. Soc. Etude Vulg. Zool. Agric, Bordeaux, 

 xvii^no. 5, May 1918, pp. 39-41. 



This paper consists of a resume of the author's booklet, Les Oiseaux 

 necessaires. It is pointed out that the objection to such a resume 

 is that the facts are affirmed without any proofs, but, in reply to 

 numerous requests, the information is given in tabulated form under 

 various headings according to the degree of utility or noxiousness 

 of the many species of birds considered. Advice is given as to the 

 protection or destruction of each species. 



Coleman (L. C.) & Kannan (K. K.). Some Scale Insect Pests of 

 Coffee in South India. — Mysore Dept. Agric, Bangalore, Entom. 

 Ser. Bull. no. 4, 1918, 66 pp., 4 plates, 17 text-figs. [Keceived 

 28th May 1918.] 



The most important of the several species of Coccids attacking 

 coflee in south India are Coccus viridis, Green, Saissetia hemispJiaerica, 

 Targ., and Pulvinaria psidii. Mask. 



Since the first appearance of Coccus viridis in Ceylon in 1882, coffee- 

 growing has been abandoned in that island, while it has been recorded 

 from almost every other coft'ee-gro^^ing country of the world. From 

 Ceylon the pest soon spread to South India, but was not reported 

 from Mysore until 1913. This scale is Hable to variation and has 

 changed so much since its appearance in Mysore that Green's 

 description no longer applies to it. The Mysore form is therefore 

 regarded as a new species, and is here described as new under the 

 name Coccus colemani. 



The life-cycle varies from 89 to 214 days and the number of young 

 from 50 to 580, this species having greater reproductive powers than 

 G. viridis. There are three moults in the nymphal period, each instar 

 of which is described. Records of the life-history are given in tables. 



The relationship of ants to this scale is discussed. C. colemani is 

 visited by a number of different species of ants, but there is apparently 

 no record of the scales being protected by any of these. This question 

 has been studied in Java, where it was found that C. viridis was 

 able to live and multiply for a long period without being visited by 

 ants at all. Oecophylla stnaragdina was found to aid development 

 of the scale and protect it from enemies, while Plagiolepis longipes 

 and Dolichoderus hituherculatus have both been considered to have a 

 marked influence in increasing its numbers on coffee trees [see this 

 Review, Ser. A, v, pp. 274, 573]. The authors made experiments 

 to determine whether ants play any role in the spread of this pest. 

 It is obvious from %he results of these that those species that feed on 

 the honey dew have a large share in its distribution, and that their 

 nests must be regarded as distributing centres. The nests also appear 

 to be convenient shelters during adverse weather. Nests of Cremasto- 

 gaster in coffee estates were found crowded with the scales in 

 September, while elsewhere they could be detected only after careful 

 search or not at all. In the case of two blocks of about four acres 

 each, equally infested with C. colemani, all ants' nests were removed 



(C485) Wt. P2/1.37. 1,500. S.18. B.&F.,Ltd. G.ll'S. A 



