346 



are undertaken to exterminate these pests, the former should be care- 

 fully protected. And as the eggs are so conspicuous and easily found 

 owing to their white colour, they should be collected and introduced 

 into places where grubs are numerous. 



DvoENiTCHENKo (M.). HtKOTopbifl HaSjiiOAeHifl HHAT. nrouepHOii. 

 [Some Observations on Lucerne]. MsTj pa60T"b AHflMWaHCKOM 

 OnblTHOM CiaHUill. [From the Work of the Andizhan (Fergana) 

 Experimental Station.]— « TypKeCTaHCKOe CenbCKOe X03flMCTB0.» 



[Agriculture of Turkestan], Tashkent, xii, no. 1, January 1917, 

 pp. 22-35. [Received 12th July 1918.] 



In 1914 Hypera (Phytonomus) variabilis appeared in large numbers 

 on the lucerne field of the Station and greatly injured the foliage. 

 It was found that although mowing may be regarded as exercising 

 some degree of control, it must be done while the larvae are still 

 young ; otherwise they may complete their development and pupate 

 on the ground. The larvae are very active and prefer warm spots, 

 such as are exposed to the sun ; plants under trees were very little 

 damaged, if at all. The first larvae in 1915 were noticed in the middle 

 of March ; later they appeared to suffer from a fungus disease, from 

 which about 65 per cent, perished ; another 9 per cent, were killed 

 by an Ichneumonid parasite, Canidia curculionis. In this connection 

 attention is called to the fact that the mowing of lucerne may prove 

 harmful to parasites, while insecticides may check the spread of 

 beneficial fungi. 



Vassiliev (I. I.). FyceHima, npoM3BOAflmafl «HeKaHKy» xjionnaT- 



HMKa. [Caterpillars producing the Dwarfing of Cotton.] — 

 ^« TypKeciaHCKOe CenbCKOe X03flMCTB0.» [Agriculture of 



Turkestan], Tashkent, xii, no. 1, Januarv 1917, pp. 94-97, 1 fig. 

 [Received 12th July 1918.] 



The caterpillars of a number of moths give rise to the dwarfing of 

 cotton by injuring the apical buds, thus preventing further upward 

 growth and causing the plant to spread horizontally. In 

 Transcaucasia and Turkestan this effect is most commonly produced 

 by the caterpillars of Platyedra vilella, which in their early stages 

 remain on the cotton foliage, passing later to the apical buds, of which 

 each destroys several, and then penetrating into the stem where they 

 bore a short mine. The caterpillars travel from one plant to another 

 and when mature pupate in the stem. Their presence is indicated 

 by the brown excreta round the entrance hole. This pest breeds 

 also on the fruits and stems of various malvaceous plants, particularly 

 of Althea nudiflora, which latter, in the opinion of the author, forms 

 its chief breeding place, and from there it invades cotton. Another 

 insect damaging cotton in a similar manner is the caterpillar 

 of Cacoecia strigana, which attacks the apical buds and young leaves, 

 but seldom enters the stem. The presence of this pest can be detected 

 by the withered leaves, entangled with web at the ends of the shoots, 

 which remain for a long time on the plant. This moth also breeds on 

 a number of weeds. In rare cases cotton is also injured by Eucosma 

 hictuosana (Epiblema cirsiana), which however does not injure the 



