396 



and the admixture of some bran to prevent the bait from drying 

 and scattering too quickly is desirable. 



As regards the kind of sawdust used, it was found that pine sawdust 

 has a decidedly repellent efiect, while that of old hardwood (oak and 

 hickory) was not so attractive as that of new hickory, which was 

 used in these experiments. 



Fm'ther experiments were made to test the effectiveness of Paris 

 green, calcium arsenate, sodium arsenite, lead arsenate, arsenious 

 acid (white arsenic) and crude arsenious acid (a by-product of copper 

 refineries containing 88 per cent, of arsenious acid). When this 

 last was used at a strength of 1 to 40, it had a killing power nearly 

 equal to that of Paris green at the same strength, and even as weak 

 as 1-60 the results were very satisfactory, while at the rate of 1-25 it 

 was remarkably effective. In short, Paris green, crude arsenious 

 oxide and sodium arsenite are the most desirable for poison-baits, 

 calcium arsenate being next in value. Lead arsenate should be used 

 only when the above-mentioned are not available, since its action 

 is much slower, even at twice the strength, though at the end of five 

 or six days it is more effective than any of the other poisons. The 

 results with white arsenic were wholly negative. 



Baits prepared with lemon extract in place of lemon fruit and with 

 or without molasses, showed that the presence or absence of the latter 

 made little difference, while lemon extract gave a higher percentage 

 of effectiveness than the fruit, an important result in view of the greater 

 convenience often attending its use. The results of experiments 

 with banana in place of citrus fruits were very satisfactory, and warrant 

 further trials in the field. 



Weiss (H. B.) & Dickerson (E. L.). The Early Stages of Empoasca 

 trifasciata, Gill. — Canadian Entomologist, London, Ont.. 1, no. 6, 

 June 1918, pp. 201-205. 



The small leaf-hopper, Empoasca trifasciata, is fairly well distributed 

 in New Jersey, being found on Popidus deltoides (Carolina poplar) and 

 P. nigra italica (Lombardy poplar), especially the former. Hibernation 

 takes place in the egg-stage, the eggs being deposited in the young 

 tw^igs and hatching in the latter part of May or early in June. The 

 nymphal stages occupy three to four weeks, adults of the first brood 

 being present by the end of June or beginning of July. The summer 

 eggs then deposited hatch during the last week of July, adults of the 

 second brood being present by the end of August. The winter eggs 

 are deposited during September, the adults surviving till the cool 

 weather of early October. The extremely active adults scatter soon 

 after emergence, but on rainy days have a tendency to collect on the 

 foliage, especially on the under- surface, where their feeding produces 

 a whitish discoloration of the upper surface. 



Garnett (R. T.). An Annotated List of the Cerambycidae of California. 



■ — Canadian Entomologist, London, Ont., 1, no. 6, June 1918, 

 pp. 205-213. 



This further instalment of a list of Californian Cerambycids [see this 

 Review, Ser. A, vi, p. 363] includes among other species of economic 

 importance : — Hybodera tuherculata, Lee, breeding in maple ; 



