409 



March and three days later the main migration up the trees began, 

 but the forest administration had previously tarred the pine trunks 

 at a height of just under 5 feet. In one locahty where this precaution 

 was neglected the trees were very severely damaged. The first 

 adults appeared on 16th July and the chief emergence began on 

 22nd July and continued till mid- August, when it rapidly decreased. 

 The first caterpillars appeared on 10th August, occm-ring also in 

 areas previously uninfested. Early in September the descent of the 

 trees in search of winter- quarters began. About 20-25 per cent. 

 of these caterpillars were full-grown individuals, and were stragglers 

 from the previous generation which were preparing to hibernate for 

 the second time. This explains the presence of full-grown caterpillars 

 in March. Of known enemies Anomalon circumflexum was rare, and 

 this was also the case \\dth Tachinid parasites. From mid-July 

 onwards Microgaster nemorum was abundant in larvae and pupae. 

 Carabus auratus was the most important of the predaceous Carabid 

 beetles. Ants attack isolated caterpillars and adults. Rooks 

 destroyed the larvae in some numbers, but only after defoliation 

 was completed. 



Pfafp ( — ). Aforia crat<iegi in Rumanien. [Aporia crataegi in 

 Rumania.] — Entomolog. Zeitschr., xxxi, 1917, p. 33. (Abstract in 

 Zeitschr. f. Pflanzenkranklwiten, Stuttgart, xxviii, no. 1-2, 

 1st February 1918, p. 90.) 



Aporia crataegi is abundant throughout Rumania, where the cater- 

 pillars often completely defoliate bushes and trees. About 20 per 

 cent, of the pupae of this butterfly are killed by parasites. 



Nechleba ( — ). Anomalie in der Entwicklung und Lebensweise des 

 grossen Kiefernmarkkafers, Hylurgvs piniperda. [An Anomaly in 

 the Development and Life-habits oi Hylurgus piniperda.] — Oesterr. 

 Forst- und Jagdzeitg., xliii, 1916, p. 159. (Abstract in Zeitschr. f. 

 Pflanzenkrankheiten, Stuttgart, xxviii, no. 1-2, 1st February 

 1918, p. 91.) 



At Piirglitz (Bohemia) the young beetles do not bore into the 

 interior of the tree in July and August, as usually stated, but do so 

 during the second fortnight in May. The shoots of the previous 

 year are those attacked and they ^vither in consequence. 



Wahl (B.). Spargelkafer. [Asparagus Beetles.] — Wiener landiv. 

 Zeitg., Vienna, Ixvi, 1916, p. 267. (Abstract in Zeitschr. f. 

 Pflanzenkrankheiten, Stuttgart, xxviii, no.'rl-2, 1st February 1918, 

 p. 91.) 



The following insecticides are recommended against the larvae 

 of the asparagus beetle [Crioceris asparagi] : — A 1 per cent, solution 

 of Saxonia lead arsenate ; a solution of h oz. Katakilla in 5 pints 

 water ; or a solution of 5 lb. tobacco extract and 1 pint lysol in 50 

 ga^s. water, the last-named being the cheapest. 



