411 



autmnn, and in ]\Iarch and April the pupal eyes are easily seen in the 

 larva. As there are always at least two generations of larvae in the 

 ground the pupal eyes must be looked for when making a count 

 with a ^'iew to ascertaining the probable extent of the prospective 

 emergence of adults. The flight period lasts from late March to late 

 September, Jime being the chief time. Remedial measures are un- 

 necessary and would be difl&cult to carry out. Banding is useless. 

 Great care is required against the destructive beetles which follow 

 injury by these sawflies. 



Arxdt (A.). Haufiges Vorkommen der Adlerfarnwespe, Strongylogaster 

 cingulatus, Fab. [The frequent Occurrence of Strongylogaster 

 cingulatus, F.] — Zeitschr. f. wiss. Insektenhiologie, xiii, 1917, 

 p. 136. (Abstract in Zeitschr. f. Pjlanzenkrankheiten, Stuttgart, 

 xxviii, no. 1-2, 1st February 1918, p. 95.) 



In June 1916 some pines near Berlin showed a red colouring of the 

 trunk up to a height of 6 or 7 feet. This was found to be due to 

 numbers of the larvae of the sawfly, Strongylogaster cingulatus, which 

 had eaten their way into the bark. The larvae migrate from bracken 

 and pupate in pine bark. 



EscHERicH (K.). Die Ameise, Schilderung ihrer Lebensweise. [The 



Ant. A Description of its Life-Habits. J — Friedr. Vieweg u. Sohn, 

 Brunswick, 1917, 2nd revised edition, xvi -f 348 pp., 98 illustra- 

 tions. Price 10 mks. (Notice in Zeitschr. f. Pfanzenkrankheiten, 

 Stuttgart, xxviii, no. 1-2, 1st February 1918, pp. 95-96.) 



The indirect importance of ants in phytopathology is much greater 

 than their direct importance. Two supplements to this book deal 

 with ants as house and garden pests and review the species native to 

 Oermany. The latter supplement contains a valuable key and many 

 biological notes. The chapter on the relation of ants to other insects 

 and to plants is of special value. 



Lesne (P.). Les Insectes nuisibles aux Arbres fruitiers. [Insects 

 damaging Fruit-trees.] — JJ. Agric. Pratique, Paris, xxxi, no. 14, 

 11th July 1918, pp. 269-271, 1 plate. 



This article deals with the scale-insects, Lepidosaphes ulmii, L. (oyster- 

 shell scale) infesting pear, apple and poplar trees ; Aspidiotus ostreae- 

 Jormis, Curt. ; and Epidiaspis {Diaspis) piricola, Dei G., chiefly 

 attacking pear, apple and peach trees. All of these are native species 

 and have been successfully controlled by spraying with an emulsion 

 composed of black soap, 200 parts ; water, 600 parts ; seed oil, 150 

 parts ; ordinary petrol, 100 parts. Other imported scales are 

 Aspidiotus perniciosus, Comst. (San Jose scale), and Icerya j^urchasi, 

 Mask, (cottony cushion scale). 



Eriosoma {Schizoneura) lanigerum (woolly apple aphis) is the chief 

 permanent local pest of apple trees, but it can be controlled bv removing 

 and carefully burning the old bark in winter, afterwards white- washing 

 the aerial portions of the trees and also the upper part of the roots, 

 which must be exposed to a depth of 10 inches, with a mixture of black 



