420 



August numerous yellowish puparia were sifted from the sand and 

 were kept in moist sterilised sand over the winter, the adults of 

 Rhagoletis fausta issuing, under laboratory conditions, during the 

 following spring ; similar puparia kept in dry sand failed to develop. 

 Prunus virginiana, L. (choke cherry) and cultivated cherries failed 

 to yield R. fausta. 



As regards distribution, the recorded range of R. fausta in New 

 Hampshire and New York, and in Canada from Montreal to British 

 Columbia, hes well within that of P. pennsylvanica which occurs from 

 Newfoundland to the Fraser River Valley in British Columbia, and in 

 the United States fi"om Peimsylvania southward to the high mountains 

 of North Carolina and Tennessee, and westward to the eastern slopes 

 of the Rocl^y Mountains of Colorado. This plant is common in all 

 the forest regions of the extreme northern States, growing in moist, 

 rather rich soil, often occupying, to the exclusion of other trees, large 

 areas of the original forest cleared by fir^. It is common and attains 

 its largest size in Tennessee, and occurs at an altitude of 4,000 to 

 9,500 ft. in Colorado. 



Gillette (C. P.) & Bragg (L. C). Ajphis hakeri and some allied 

 Species. — Jl. Econ. Entom., Concord, N.H., xi, no. 3, June 1918, 

 pp. 328-333, 2 figs. 



This paper deals with several forms closely allied to Aphis hakeri 

 and" gives a key for their separation. The species dealt with are : — 

 A. helichrysi, Kalt. {myosotidis, Koch, manitae, Oest.), which feeds 

 chiefly, but not exclusively, upon Compositae, the types described 

 by Kaltenbach having been taken from Helichrysum chrysanthemum., 

 Tanacetum balsamita, Anthemis tincforia and Achillea ptarmica in 

 Europe, while in Colorado it often occurs in special abundance on 

 Ambrosia artemisifolia and Erigeron canadense, and on the cultivated 

 plants, Tanacetum balsamita and Cineraria. A peculiarity of this 

 Aphid is that the secretion is hard instead of being liquid and gives 

 a frosted appearance to the fohage on which it accumulates. No 

 evidence of the existence of either sexual forms or eggs has been found. 



The summer food-plant of A. vibtirnicola, Gill., a species abundant 

 every spring upon snowball bushes {Viburnum), has not yet been 

 discovered. All the young of the stem-mother acquire wings and 

 leave the curled leaves for some other food-plant. The autumn 

 migrants begin to return early in September, the males coming a little 

 later, when the earliest oviparous females are about half-grown. 



A. sensoriata, sp. n., is described from specimens infesting the 

 leaves of Ajnelanchier sp. in Colorado at an altitude of 8,000 to 8,800 

 ft. The July individuals are all wingless and viviparous, and the 

 October ones include winged autumn migrants, winged males and 

 oviparous females. This species is very closely allied to A. viburnicola. 



A. hakeri, Cow. {cephalicola, Cow.) lives throughout the year on 

 clover and gives rise to migrants to apple and Crataegus in the autumn. 

 In some years it becomes quite injurious to red clover, this having 

 been the case in north-eastern Colorado and parts of Idaho and Utah 

 in 1916, when the crops in some cases were almost ruined. 



A. crataegifoliae, Fitch {brevis. Sand.) does not occur in Colorado, 

 but has been taken on Crataegus in Illinois and Maine. 



