422 



pine {P. radiata), and pupating and transforming to beetle stage from 

 March to July ; B. maculiventris, Say, flying from July to September 

 in forests of yellow pine ; B. subornata, Lee, flying from July to October 

 and mining the wood of dead yellow pine ; B. rusticorum, Kirby, 

 mining the wood of dead and dying trees of the true firs, especially 

 Douglas spruce, alpine fir {Abies lasiocarpa), lowland fir {A. graniis) 

 and white fir {A. concolor), pupating and transforming to the beetle 

 stage from April to July ; B. lamjii, Mann., flying from June to 

 September and taken on alder and willow leaves and on the bark 

 of pine and spruce trees, but never reared from the wood ; 

 B. aundenta, L. (laula, Lee), occurring throughout the range of its 

 primary host, the Douglas spruce, and doing considerable damage 

 to the wood of injured trees by mining the pitchy scars, and living 

 for years as a larva in the wood, especially in western white pine 

 {P. monticola), sugar pine, yellow pine, Jeffrey pine, lodge-pole pine, 

 digger pine, Monterey pine {P. radiata), blue spruce {Picea parryana), 

 and Sitka spruce {P. sitchensis), pupating and transforming during 

 the sunmier and early autumn and over-wintering as a beetle in the 

 pupal cell in the wood, emerging during the following spring and 

 summer ; B. villosa, Lee, apparently described from a woolly specimen 

 of B. atirulenta, such specimens occurring frequently among typical 

 ones ; B. adjecta, Lee, mining the wood of yellow pine ; B. ajyricans, 

 Hbst., mining the wood of injured, dying and dead trees of loblolly 

 pine and long-leaf pine (P. palustris), pupating and transforming in 

 the summer and autumn, over-wintering as a beetle in the pupal 

 cell in the wood and emerging in early spring, living for several years 

 as a larva in the wood and causing considerable damage to the wood 

 of ir^jured trees. 



EssiG (E. 0.). The European Earwig, Forfimla aurimlaria, L.— 

 Jl. Econ. Entom., Concord, N.H., xi, no. 3, June 1918, p. 338, 

 1 plate. 



Forjiculu auricularia (European earwig) h^is been known for several 

 years in the eastern United States and also occurs in the north- 

 western portions, having been received in 1916 in considerable numbers 

 from Seattle, Washington, where it is abundant in houses and very 

 destructive to roses. Since this insect is capable of travelling long 

 distances without injury when closely packed up, collectors and the 

 general public should be on their guard against its accidental 

 introduction into new localities. 



Moore (W.). A Promising New Contact Insecticide. — Jl. Econ. 

 Entom., Concord, NM., xi, no. 3, June 1918, pp. 341-342. 



A new contact insecticide, nicotine oleate, having the form of a 

 soap, or soap-like salt, has been obtained by the union of nicotine and 

 oleic acid. It is soluble in soft water, forming a soapy solution that 

 may be used to emulsify an animal, vegetable, or mineral oil [see 

 this Review, Ser. A, vi, p. 370]. 



In its preparation, any nicotine compound containing free nicotine 

 may be used. Two and a half quarts of a 40 per cent, nicotine solution, 

 costing about 29 shilhngs, can be mixed with If quarts of commercial 



