447 



investigations were incomplete. Pepper has been the chief crop in 

 the Lampong districts (Sumatra) for about 200 years and the 

 [annual] amount reaches about 26,000,000 lb., or half the pepper 

 production of the Dutch East Indies. 



The Nematode, Heterodera radicicola, Greef, occurs everywhere, 

 but does no injury. Both stem-borers and fruit-eating weevils are of 

 minor importance. 



Dadap (Eryihrina), which is used for shading and supporting the 

 pepper-vines, is attacked by a Longicorn, Batocera, and a Pyralid 

 moth, Terastia. The former may be collected or their larvae cut out, 

 while the latter may be checked by severe pruning and burning the 

 cuttings. The dadap leaf-hopper, Tijphhcyba erythrinae, Kon. , appears 

 to be less injurious than is the case in Java. 



VAN Hall (C. J. J.). Ziekten en Plagen der Cultuurgewassen in 

 Nederlandsch-Indie in 1916. [Diseases and Pests of cultivated 

 Plants in the Dutch East Indies in 1916.] — Meded. Lahoratorium 

 voor Plantenziekten, Buitenzorg, no. 29, 1917, 37 pp. [Received 

 10th July 1918.] 



The majority of the insect pests dealt with in this report have 

 ah'eady been recorded in earlier and subsequent ones [see this Review, 

 Ser. A, V, p. 442 and vi, p. 349]. In general but little insect injury 

 was recorded in 1916 owing to the unusually wet dry season of 1915. 



Arachis [hypogaea] was attacked by a species of Aiwmala, beUeved to 

 be A. atroinrens. 



In the Malang district httle damage was done by locusts owing to 

 the presence of a parasitic beetle, Epicauta ruficeps, which was abundant 

 on the estates that had snffered most hi 1915. Cinchona was infested 

 with Nygmia (Euproctis) flexuosa and the young plants were attacked 

 by Helopeltis antonii. Other pests of this crop included the caterpillars 

 of Cricula trifenestrata, Odonestis plagifera, Metanastria hyrtaca and 

 Hyposidra sp. The mahogany plantations of the Forestry Department 

 were severely attacked by Pyrahd caterpillars, probably Hypsipila sp. 

 Rice was injured by Cirphis unipuncta, Cnaphalocrocis jolinalis 

 [? {iolealis, Wlk. = ) inedinalis, Gn.], Schoenobius bipunctifer, Scirpo- 

 phaga sp., a gall-midge {Cecidomyia sp.), Prodenia litura, Nymphuki, 

 Podops and Anomala. Galls, formed by a Psyllid, were found on 

 the leaves of Eugenia, polyanfha. The tea-seed fly, Adrama 

 {determi-nata], was observed on many estates and planters were urged 

 to take energetic action against it. A Scolytid borer infesting tea 

 was believed by the planters to be Xyleborus cojjeae, but this is 

 doubtful. 



Becker (G. G.). The Round-Headed Apple-Tree Borer, Saperda 

 Candida, F. — Univ. Arkansas Agric. Expt. Sta., Fayetteville, Bull, 

 no. 146, July 1918, 92 pp., 17 plates. 



Saperda Candida, F., which has a wide distribution in North America, 

 is considered the most destructive orchard pest in the Ozarks. The 

 food-plants include quince, apple and pear, and wild hosts such as 

 Amelanchier canadensis, wild crab, mountain ash, thorns {Crataegus 

 spp.) and chokeberry (Pyrus arbutifolia). The life-cycle in the Ozarks 



