456 



Hippodmnia convergens, H. glacialis, H. parenthesis, 11. tredecim punctata , 

 Adalia hipunctata, Coccindla novemnotata, C. sanguinea and MegiUa 

 maculata. The Syrphids, Syrphis americanus, Sphaerophoria cylindrioa 

 and Allograpta ohliqua, are also frequently found feeding upon the 

 Aphids, but are themselves highly parasitised. Insectivorous birds, 

 including sparrows, quails and poultry, are of considerable assistance 

 in reducing the numbers. Heavy rain is detrimental to the Aphids as 

 it washes a number of them from the plants, retards migration, and 

 promotes conditions favourable for the development of entomogenous 

 fungi. 



Many spraying experiments with various substances are described 

 and the best machines for the purpose are illustrated. The most 

 highly recommended spray consists of li to 2 teaspoonfuls of nicotine 

 sulphate to one U.S. gal. of water, with sufficient soap to form suds. 

 Two applications are usually necessary and should be given at not 

 more than 3 days' interval. The necessity of thoroughly sprajang 

 the under-sides of the leaves is emphasised. Owing to the wide range 

 of food-plants, clean cultivation is essential. It is considered that 

 thorough spraying in the early stages of infestation will efficiently 

 control M. solanifolii. 



Britton (W, E.). 17th Report Connecticut State Entomologist for 

 1917.— Coww. Agric. Expt. Sta., New Haven, Bull. no. 203, 1918, 

 pp. 231-370, 32 plates. 



This report, which embodies several papers on various pests 

 that are dealt with in the succeeding abstracts, records several serious 

 fruit pests during 1917, including Cydia {Laspeyresia) molesta, Busck, 

 an account of which has been recently dealt Avith [see this Review, 

 Ser. A, vi, pp. 369, 373]. The best methods of treatment have not 

 vet lieen determined ; possibly dipping the trees in a miscible oil may 

 prove effective. Clipping off the twigs in winter and lead arsenate 

 spraying soon after the fruit sets will probably be of assistance. 



Hyphantria cunea, Drury (fall web-worm) was exceptionally prevalent 

 in 1917. Nearly all fruit, shade, ornamental and native woodland 

 trees are attacked by this moth, which may cause complete defohation. 

 There is usually one annual generation in Comiecticut, the larvae 

 appearing in late autumn. Eggs are laid in a cluster under the leaves 

 and hatch in about 10 days, the larvae forming a nest on the end of a 

 branch. They are mature in about 6 weeks and pupate under 

 rubbish or on fences or tree-trunks. Hibernation occurs in the pupal 

 stage, adults appearing in July. Parasites include the Hymenoptera, 

 Apanteles hyphantriae, Biley, Meteorus liyphantriae, Biley, and 

 Campo])lex {Limneria) jjallipes, Prov. An egg-parasite, Telenomiis 

 bifidus, Riley, is also very effective. Less important parasites are 

 Campoplex fugitivus, Say, Apanteles hcteicolor, Vier., Pteromalvs 

 (Dihracliys) boucheanns. Ratz., Syntomosphyrum esurus, Riley, and 

 JEremotyhis glabratum, Say. A Dipterous parasite, Tachina sp., is 

 said to be very effective. Predaceous enemies include the bugs, 

 EuscMstus servus, Say, and Podisus macidiventris, Say, and the Mantid, 

 Stagmomantis Carolina, L., as well as Prionidus cristatus, L. (wheel 

 bug) and the larva of the Carabid, Plochionis timidus, Hald. Control 

 measures include clipping off and burning the nests or killing the 



