468 



later, two showed no recoverable amount of spray material, the third 

 sample showed only a trace. This last was from a plot that had 

 received spray containing 10 lb. lead arsenate to 50 U.S. gals, water. 



LuGiNBiLL (P.), Contribution to the Knowledge of Toxoptera grami- 

 num in the South. — Jl. Agric. Research, Washington, B.C., xiv, 

 no. 2, 8th July 1918, pp. 97-110, 1 plate. 



Toxoptera graminum, Rond. (spring grain aphis) has hitherto been 

 studied chiefly in the north of the United States, where sexual forms 

 appear annually, and the viviparous ones die off in the autumn. 

 Investigations were therefore conducted from the spring of 1913 to 

 that of 1915, at Columbia, South Carolina, to determine whether 

 T. graminum breeds in that latitude viviparously throughout the year, 

 and, if so,, for how long a period it breeds in this manner ; whether 

 or not the strain becomes weaker a^ it gets older ; and whether or 

 not sexual forms are produced. 



The results showed that in the latitude of Columbia oviparous 

 forms are developed and that probably the strain becomes weaker 

 as it grows older, though further investigation is necessary to estabhsh 

 this point. 



From a number of experiments it was found that temperature 

 plays an important role in the duration of the instars, there being a 

 gradual decrease in the length of individual instars from March to 

 August, those in March being from 2 to 3 times as long as those in 

 August. 



Dudley (F. H.) & Eaton (S. H.). The Apple, Tree and Fruit.— 

 Maine Dept. Agric. Qrtly. Bull., Augusta, xvi, no. 2, June 1917, 

 48 pp., 14 figs., 5 plates, [Received 24th August 1918.] 



In the section of this bulletin dealing with spraying, the four 

 usual annual sprays for the commoner apple pests are recommended. 



It is noted that one of the insects that cannot be reached by such 

 sprays is the apple maggot [Rhagoletis pomonella]. To exterminate 

 this pest, fallen apples should be picked up and destroyed, sheep 

 or pigs should be pastured in the orchard, or a spray consisting of 

 40 U.S. gals, of calyx spray (lead arsenate, 2 to 3 lb., and lime-sulphur, 

 1 to 40 U.S. gals.) mixed with 1 U.S. gal. molasses should be used. 



Razzauti (A.). Contributo alia Conoscenza del Tonchio del Fagiuolo 



{Acanihoscelides obtectus, Say, Coleoptera-Bruchidae). [A Contri- 

 bution to the Knowledge of the Bean Brucbid, Bnichus obtectus.] 

 — Separate, dated 28th September 1917, from Boll. Lab. Zool. 

 Agrar. R. Scuola Sup). Agric., Portici, xii, pp. 94-122, 16 figs. 

 [Received 24th August 1918.] 



Very little is known concerning the occurrence and injury of Bruchus 

 {Acanihoscelides) obtectus, Say, in Italy, though it has been found 

 there for about twenty years and the province of Pisa is especially 

 badly infested. In the larval stage the seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris 

 and P. muUiflorus are the favourite food, but if these be absent, 

 Dolichos melanopthalmus, Viciafaba, Lupinus albus and Pisum sativum 



