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with glue and molasses. Other sawflies, such as Emjphytus cinctus, 

 mine the stems of roses, causing them to wilt and dry up. Such stems 

 .should be cut out and burnt. The larvae of Lyda inanida roll the 

 leaves and Rhodites rosae oviposits in the bark, large galls being 

 formed at these spots ; these should be cut out and burnt as soon 

 as they appear. 



Lepidopterous pests include Lasiocampa {Bomhyx) quercus and 

 Malacosoma {B.) neustria. The eggs of the last-named remain over 

 the winter ^nd should be collected and burnt before the spring. 

 Larvae of Nygmia phaeorrhoea {Liparis chrysorrhoea), which hatch 

 in September, construct a nest among the leaves. After passing 

 the winter in the nests the larvae recommence feeding, appearing in 

 the spring during the day-time. Collections of the nests should be 

 made during the winter. Lymantria {Liparis) dispar is an equally 

 injurious species. Eggs hatch in May and should be destroyed if 

 possible during the winter. The Noctuids, Acronycta psi, A. rumicis, 

 Amphipyra pyramidea, etc. live on rose-trees without apparently 

 causing much damage. The same may be said of the Geometrids, 

 Biston hirtarins, Phigalia pilosaria. Amphidasys hetularia, Boarmia 

 rhomboidaria, etc. Hybernia defolaria, H. progemmarki, and above all, 

 Cheimatobia brumata, are more injurious. Banding with some sticky 

 substance prevents the females of the latter from ascending the 

 trees. This should not be applied directly to the bark, but should 

 be spread on paper tied tightly with cord to the main stem of the tree, 

 which should be first protected with straw, moss, etc. The usual 

 formula for banding is 10 oz. white resin, 5 oz. turpentine, 5 oz. 

 linseed oil, 6 oz. olive oil. Another method consists in the use of a 

 box without a bottom which is driven to a depth of a few inches into 

 the ground around the stem of the tree. The upper edges of the box 

 are provided with bands of zinc bent outwards and downwards, so 

 that the females emerging from the groimd cannot pass them. These 

 measures are only efficacious from September to December. 



Microlepidoptera that are frequently very injurious to rose-trees 

 include Tortrix bergmanniana, which is on the wing from July to 

 September. The larvae live at the tips of the young branches, rolling 

 the leaves with fine silken threads and devouring the buds. Oxygrapha 

 (T.) contaminata and 0. {T.) holmiana have similar habits. Coleophora 

 griphipenella is another leaf-rolling species, as well as some species of 

 Nepticula, of which the best-known is N. anotnalella. 



Among Rhynchota, Typhlocyba rosae lives on the under-sides of 

 rose leaves, its punctures making yellow markings. The Aphids, 

 Macrosiphum {Siphonophora) rosae and Myzus rosarum, are frequently 

 foimd on roses, the former at the base of the buds, the latter under the 

 leaves. The Coccid, Aspidiotiis rosae, also occurs. Various formulae 

 are recommended for spraying these insects. Successful results have 

 been obtained with (1) 1 lb. soft-soap, 2 lb. pyrethrum powder, 

 2| gals, water ; (2) 1 part soft-soap, 1 part amylic alcohol, 10 to 

 15 parts water, to which a certain quantity of tincture of aloes may 

 be added" (3) 5 pints water, 1 fluid oz. nicotine, 1 oz. sulphur, 

 ^ oz. carbonate of soda, i oz. amylic alcohol. The addition of 

 alcohol is recommended in insecticides for bugs and scales, the bodies 

 of which are often greasy or waxy, thus preventing the insecticides 

 from thoroughly wetting them. 



