492 



to kill Tfibolium confusum, Duv. (confused flour beetle) at greater 

 depths in the flour than one meh. For this beetle it is necessary to 

 use as much as 1 to 2 lb. per 1,000 cubic feet. To obtain similar 

 results \vith carbon bisulphide in fumigation boxes from 3 to 8 lb. 

 at a temperature above 65° F. must be used, while chlorpicrin gives 

 good results at a temperature below 60° F. The experiments also 

 proved that chlorpicrin is more likely to cause injury to germination 

 than is carbon bisulphide, but that no injury results from normal 

 doses if the grain is dry and is thoroughly aired after fumigation. 

 It is able to penetrate through fifty-pound sacks of flour in twenty-four 

 hours at a temperature of 70°, kilHng all the insects, but exerting 

 a shghtly injurious influence on the baking qualities of the flour. 

 When free from impurities of chlorine and nitrogen peroxide, chlorpicrin 

 will not injure dress fabrics or affect their colour. 



Although at present imobtainable, it is expected that after the War 

 chlorpicrin will be retailed at a lower ^price than carbon bisulphide, 

 and though it can never be used on a large scale owing to its irritating 

 properties, it may prove of value for the fumigation of small quantities 

 of grain or seeds and of grain samples, for the destruction of ant nests, 

 etc., and in small doses against mosquitos in yellow fever regions. 



Paeker (J. R.). The Life-History and Habits of Chloropisca glabra , 

 Meig., a Predaceous Oscinid (Cliloropid). — Jl. Econ. Entom., 

 Concord, N.H., xi, no. 4, August 1918, pp. 368-380, 1 fig. 



The fact that the larva of Chloropisca glabra, Meig., is predaceous 

 upon the Aphid, Pemphigus betae, Doane, is of interest, not only on 

 account of its economic importance, but because it constitutes a habit 

 new to the vegetable-feeding family Oscinidae. Forms showing 

 the transition from vegetable to animal feeding are Gaurax anchora, 

 the larvae of which feed upon moulted insect skins, and Botanobia 

 darlingtoniae, the larvae of which feed upon the dead bodies of insect 

 victims of the pitcher-plant. 



Chloropiscu glabra, of which Chlorops assimilis, Macq., is now 

 considered a synonym, is a very abundant species throughout North 

 America ; it also occurs in Europe, Africa, and South America. 



The adults emerge from over-wintering puparia during May and 

 early in June, and seek grassy or weedy places, being specially attracted 

 to those that are slightly shaded, though many can be seen crawling 

 over the foliage of shrubs and trees. Pairing does not take place 

 till the first week in July, and oviposition occurs towards the end 

 of the same month. The eggs are laid singly, being deposited in 

 cracks in the soil around the base of sugar-beet plants and Chenopodium 

 album, only occasionally being found attached to the stem of the 

 plant. The females, in selecting plants around which to oviposit, 

 show remarkable abiUty in picking out the plants infested with root- 

 aphids. The incubation period is from 3 to 5 days, and possibly 

 longer durmg cold, wet weather. The larvae are extremely sensitive 

 to light and external disturbance, and hence have never been observed 

 feeding on root-aphids in the field. In the laboratory it was found 

 that only full-gro^^^l or nearly mature Aphids were attacked, the soft 

 body contents being sucked out till only the empty skin remained. 



Pupation is preceded by inactivity and a shortening of the body, 



