nn'5 



The plant is particularly free from diseases or pests ; the only pest 

 observed is the caterpillar of Herse {Sphinx) convolmli. This moth 

 is not yet sufficiently abundant to require controlhng other than by 

 hand-picking the conspicuous larvae. 



EsAM (G.). Orchard Sprays and Spraying. — Neiv Zealand Jl. Agric., 

 Wellington, xvii, no. 2, 20th August 1918, pp. 103-109. 



This paper discusses the merits of various types of spraying apparatus 

 and gives general directions for spraying during the various seasons 

 for the commoner pests of apples, pears and stone fruits. In the 

 author's opinion unnecessary risk is taken in fruit-growing, particularly 

 in regard to sprays and spraying ; he contends that fruit-growers 

 should be prepared for the worst possible weather conditions, should 

 select the best spray for their purpose and should not stint its use. 



Franklin (H. J.). Report of the Cranberry Substation for 1916.— 

 Mass. Agric. Expt. S(a., Amherst, Bull. no. 180, November 1917, 

 pp. 183-234. [Received 17th October 1918.] 



Rhabdopterus picipes, Oliv. (cranberry rootworm) was definitely 

 identified by breeding during the year. The larvae, which are nearly 

 full-growTi at the beginning of winter, hibernate in this stage and 

 pupate in June, the chief period of emergence of the adult being from 

 the 3rd to the 11th July. To protect the foliage from the beetles, 

 it was experimentally sprayed on the 3rd, Uth and 18th July with 

 an arsenical spray composed of Corona lead arsenate 2| lb., white 

 arsenic 1 heaped teaspoonful, and water 40 U.S. gals. In the last 

 application the arsenic was increased to 1| teaspoonfuls. Observations 

 continued till the end of the season showed that the pest had been 

 practically exterminated by this treatment. 



Experiments and observations of bog-flooding operations against 

 the larvae of Lymantna {Porthetria) dispar, L., show that these will 

 be most satisfactory if done while the caterpillars are small, and the 

 sooner after the eggs are hatched the better. Very young larvae 

 have the habit of chnging to their support when submerged and are 

 less liable to float ashore aUve. To be entirely effective, even when 

 the larvae are small, a flood must be maintained for nearly 40 hours. 

 An account of the dispersion of the larvae by wind has already been 

 noticed [see this Revieiv, Ser. A, p. 215]. 



The larvae of the last brood of Perrisia {Dasijneura) vaccinii, 

 Smith (cranberry tip worm) were found to be parasitised by one 

 Chalcidid {Tetrakichus sp.) and two Proctotrupids {Aphanogmus sp. 

 and Ceraphora sp.), the first two being present only in small numbers, 

 but the last forming a heavy infestation, the chief emergence of the 

 adults taking place between the 12th and 22nd August. 



Rhopohofa vacciniana, Pack, (black-head fireworm) was successfully- 

 controlled in the larval stage with Black-leaf 40, 1 part to 400 parts. 

 water, resin-fish-oil soap being added at the rate of 21b. to 50 U. S. 

 gals. Further experiments with this insecticide are needed to deter- 

 mine at what strength, and how many times, it should be appUed to 



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