555 



Sanders (J. Gr.) & Fracker (S. B). Division of Entomology. — 

 Biennial Repl. Wisconsin Dept. Agric. for the Years 1915-1916, 

 Madison, Bull. no. 10, 31st Deceml3er 1916, pp. 30-56. [Received 

 ITth October 1918.] 



Of the 162 nurseries inspected during 1915, 74 were reported entirely 

 clean, and the remainder showed only common and unimportant 

 diseases and insect pests, the most serious being the San Jose scale 

 [Aspidiotus perniciosHs] present in 9 nurseries. All the infested 

 trees were destroyed, as well as those discovered during a second 

 inspection after the leaves had fallen. In 1916 this scale was found 

 in only 4 nurseries and in Umited numbers, these infested trees being 

 also destroyed. Since the San Jose scale was first discovered in 

 Wisconsin about 1896 and again in 1902, it has been imported into the 

 ♦State a great many times, 35 separate introductions into 15 different 

 localities having been discovered and the host-plants destroyed. 

 In the case of the 6 towns where it is now strongly established, it is 

 probable that there have been repeated introductions. In all cases 

 where the pest is present in, or adjacent to, commercial orchards it 

 will be drastically eliminated, since its presence in an orchard increases 

 the cost of production by at least 8 to 15 per cent. 



Crijptorrhynchus lapathi (imported poplar weevil) was a serious 

 pest, over 5,000 poplar and willow trees being condemned or destroyed 

 by inspectors during the summer of 1916. Although known in 

 Wisconsin for less than a decade, it has spread throughout the State, 

 and special interest attaches to the possibiUty of finding varieties of 

 poplar that are relatively immune. The life-cycle of C. lapathi 

 occupies an entire year, eggs being laid after 15th July, on which date 

 the adult beetles begin to appear. The larvae hatch out in a few 

 days and may be found in the bark and sapwood during the late 

 summer, autumn and \^^nter. The principal injury is caused to the 

 woody fibres of the tree, the latter being also greatly weakened by the 

 autumn feeding in the sapwood, so that it may be broken off easily 

 by accident or a strong wind. 



Lachnosterna spp. (white grubs) are relatively more injurious in 

 Wisconsin than in the neighbouring States, though they are serious 

 pests throughout the entire Mississippi valley. An account of their 

 occurrence in Wisconsin has already been noticed [see this Review, 

 Sei. A, iv, p. 283]. 



Grasshoppers, including Melanoplus atlantis and other species, 

 probably cause as much damage annually as all other insects combined. 

 An alarming outbreak in 1914 was dealt with by the use of a poisoned 

 bran mash and a poison spray with beneficial results. The formula 

 for the preparation of the former was : — Bran 20 lb. , Paris green 1 lb. , 

 syrup 2 U.S. qts., 3 lemons, water 3| U.S. gals., this quantity being 

 sufficient for 5 acres ; and the formula for the latter was : — Sodium 

 -arsenite 1 lb., s\T:up 2 U.S. cjts., water 60 U.S. gals. 



Hylemyia antiqua, L., (onion maggot), which has caused immense 

 damage throughout the country for many years has been successfully 

 controlled by the use of a poison-bait spray consisting of ^ oz. sodium 

 arsenite or white arsenic dissolved in 1 U.S. gal. boiUng water to 

 which ^ pint to 1 pint black New Orleans molasses has been added, 

 the bait being made much more attractive by soaking chopped onions 



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