556 



in it for a time. This should be applied by sprinkling with a whisk 

 broom or coarse hand sprayer twice a week from the time the onions 

 first appear, until the middle of June. 



Pulvinaria vitis, L. (cottony maple scale) has been increasing in 

 numbers for 3 or 4 years, and does not seem to be so rapidly controlled 

 by insect enemies as formerly. Communal action in the purchase of 

 high pressure spraying outfits, ladders and trucks is the most practicable 

 method of control. 



SchrecJcensteima jestaliella, Hb., a European species that has been 

 recorded from blackberries in Virginia, caused a great amount of damage 

 to raspberries in 1915 and 1916, though a rational spraying system 

 would probably result in its elimination. 



An orchid weevil, Cholus cattleyae, Champ, {cattleyarum, Barber) 

 probably has a life-cycle occupAang from 6 months to a year. Adults 

 have been taken in January, March, June, August and September, 

 larvae haAnng also been found in all stages during this time. The 

 pupal period occupies from two to four Veeks. 



Phytomyza (Na^omyza) chrysanthemi, Kowartz (chrysanthemum 

 leaf-miner) is often a source of considerable loss to florists. Black- 

 leaf 40, with or without whale-oil soap, using 1 part of 40 per cent, 

 nicotine to 400 of water, is a satisfactory control for it. 



Memoria de los Trabajos realizados contra la Langosta : Invasi6n del 

 1915-1916. [Memorandum of Work carried out agamst 

 Locusts: Invasion of 1915-1916.] — Defensa Agricola, Repvb. 

 Oriental del Uruguay, Ministerio Industrias, Montevideo, 1916, 

 444 pp., with maps and illustrations. [Received 17th October 1918.] 



This review of the locust invasion of 1915-1916, one of the most 

 serious ever experienced in Uruguay, describes the methods adopted to 

 control it. The locusts of this outbreak appeared to be particularly 

 free from diseases. In many localities the swarms were attacked 

 by a parasite, Mermis acridiorum, but apparently with but Httle 

 effect on their intensity or voracity. Although the invasion 

 was not completely controlled throughout the locaUties attacked, 

 it was considerably checked by means of vigorous and co-operative 

 action in the face of many difficulties, such as lack of labour and 

 materials. The character of much of the country invaded, which 

 was uninhabited and full of shelter for the locusts, rendered control 

 more difficult, while in the more populated regions the measures 

 carried out met with much more success. As a preliminary measure, 

 all available machinery and materials were collected, including large 

 quantities of' galvanised iron, many cases of naphtha, torches, 

 insecticides, potash soap etc. All available labour was utihsed, 

 including mihtary help, and the materials were distributed throughout 

 the invaded territory, ^^^lerever possible the eggs were destroyed 

 by digging up the fields where they were deposited, but in the case 

 of roads or other places where removal was not practicable the 

 campaign was directed against the adults. Drags were found to be 

 the most useful apparatus for the destruction of the adults, while 

 fencing was indispensable in controlHng the hoppers. The most 

 widely adopted measure was that of fencing and ditching, this plan 



