560 



apple bug [Lygiis communis novascotiensis] has been continued and 

 former observations confirmed ; in particular the importance of 

 the spray before blossoming is emphasised, the material used being 

 soluble sulphur, soap and Blackleaf 40. Cankerworms were also 

 well controlled by this mixture. Experiments with poison sprays 

 against potato beetles showed that calcium arsenate is the cheapest 

 effective poison ; it is, however, less adhesive than lead arsenate or 

 zinc arsenate. 



MuEPHY (P.). Comparison of Dusting and Spraying Apples in Nova 

 Scotia in 1917, — Fifty-.fourth Ann. Reft. Nova Scotia Fruit 

 Growers' Assoc, for 1918, Port Williains, 1918, pp. 58-71. 

 [Received 22nd October 1918.] 



Results in dusting apples have been rather conflicting in the year 

 under review, and some years' trial wilhbe necessary before its general 

 utihty is definitely assured, A mixture of 90 per cent, sulphur and 

 10 per cent, lead arsenate was found superior to weaker mixtures, 

 the results being shown in a table, particularly as regards insect 

 control, but the protection afforded by the dust against apple scab 

 is not as good as the spray provides. A table compares the results in 

 1916 and 1917. Another table emphasises the harmless nature of 

 dusting as regards injury to foliage and the dropping of fruit, while 

 the apphcations can be made with far greater rapidity than is the case 

 with a hquid spray. On the other hand, the excessive cost of dusting 

 materials at present Umits the use of this method. 



Sanders (G. E.). Apple S^r3Lying.~Fifty-fourth Ann. Rep. Nova 

 Scotia Fruit Growers'' Assoc, for 1918, Port Williams, 1918, 

 pp. 72-92. 



The value of lime-sulphur as a spray for apples is discussed, with 

 the injury it causes to the fruit, the best methods of applying the spray, 

 the periods at which the spray is dangerous to the fruit and the effect 

 of sunhght on hme-sulphur injury. It is found that soluble sulphur 

 and calcium arsenate cannot be used for four sprays as the hme causes 

 yellowing. A mixture of 1 lb. soluble sulphur, 10 lb. hydrated lime and 

 ^ lb. calcium arsenate to 40 gals., added in the order named, may be 

 used four times on the most tender foliage without injury. Some 

 suggestions are given for experimenting with this spray alternating 

 with various Bordeaux mixtures. With soluble sulphur, calcium 

 arsenate is the only poison that can be used, while with Bordeaux 

 mixture calcium arsenate is satisfactory and cheap. For the outbreak 

 of cankerworm existing in many orchards, especially where tanglefoot 

 has not been applied, the only way to prevent defoliation is to spray 

 thoroughly just before the blossoms open w^ith 15 lb. paste lead arsenate 

 to 100 gals, water. For the tussock moth [Hemerocampa leucostigma], 

 which was abundant in 1917 and is expected to do still greater damage 

 in 1918, the third or after-blossom spray was found to be more eff'ective 

 than the fourth, particularly with the addition of a poison. The 

 author strongly advocates the use of the spray gun as a labour-saving 

 device. 



