50 



of the hind wing. This ocellus is fulvous, round, with a narrow 

 black stripe or rim on the side next the inner wing-margin, which 

 stripe or rim ends at half-way down the fulvous ground on that 

 side. In the centre, or sometimes a little out of centre, is a black 

 pupil, usually round in the male, but sometimes oval, especially 

 in the female, and sometimes, most often also in the female, and 

 on the under side, pear-shaped (figs. 4, 5). 



2. The cell of fore wings, on under side, is solid black, ex- 

 cept for two yellow cross-bars, one on the inner side of the arc, 

 the other a little distance towards the base. 



3. The body is black, with a lateral yellow band along the 

 abdomen. 



This is the type, as designated by Dr. Boisduval. He ex- 

 pressly says: "It is easily distinguished from Aladiaon by its 

 pupilled ocellus, and the body entirely black on under side." 

 " Body black, with a lateral yellow band," He says it is near 

 MacJiaon, especially the variety Sphyriis, but at first sight resem- 

 bles, likewise, very much, Sadahis (P; Americus). His description 

 is not at all minute, and he says nothing of the cell, evidently 

 finding the two other chief characters sufficient to separate the 

 species from MacJiaon. 



II. What of MacJiaon in these points? 



1. There is an ocellus placed as in Zolicaon, and like it, ful- 

 vous and round, but without pupil ; and the stripe or rim on 

 marginal side passes round the fulvous spot and ends at or be- 

 yond the middle of the side which is farthest fro(n base (fig. 9, 10). 



2. The cell is yellow, with two black cross-bars, one about 

 at middle, the other halfway between that and the arc. 



3. The body is yellow, with dorsum black ; on the lower 

 part of abdomen are two and four black lines or narrow stripes. 

 Dr. Boisduval, Spec. Gen., 1,329, says of this species: "Body 

 yellow, with a dorsal black band." 



Other comparisons might be instituted, but these three 

 points are sufficient. 



I. That the ocellus of MacJiaon is blind will be gainsaid by 

 no one. The species is thoroughly well-known. It flies all over 

 the old world, unless in middle and south Africa. If an example 

 were found possessing a black pupilled ocellus like that seen in 

 Zolicaon, it would be exceptional, extraordinary. I have before 

 me, as I write, several examples of MacJiaon from Europe and 

 Asia, obtained for me some years ago by Mr. W. F. Kirby, with 

 a view of getting all the prominent varieties of the species. I 

 have also fifteen examples from the frontier of Thibet, and one 

 of same type, sent long ago by Dr. Hagen, from Himalaya, and 

 labeled Asiaticus, Men. I have fourteen of the American form, 

 var. AliasJ^a. All these, European to American, agree in respect 

 to the fulvous, unpupilled ocellus, except that two from Southern 

 Europe have it yellow, as do nearly all the Alaskans. The 



