in its food plants, and also of the chrysalis, that a remote ancestor 

 of Machaon did possess a pupilled ocellus. But if this was so, the 

 pupil was lost so long ago, that, even by reversion, no one can 

 now report an existing example. It is one of the chief points in 

 all the descriptions, and all the figures of MacJiaon, that it has an 

 ocellus without pupil. 



2. The black cell in Zolicaon, the yellow cell in Machaon. I 

 have never seen a ZoHcaon from California, the metropolis of the 

 species, which has a cell varying from the type. On the other 

 hand, I have never ?,eena.Machao)iixon\ Europe or Asia which had 

 anything but a yellow cell. Of course, variations may sometimes 

 take place in this character in these species ; either the black 

 may, by suffusion, run over the yellow, or yellow over the black. 

 I think, by subjecting chrysalids to cold, I could bring about such 

 varieties, as the colors run under such conditions in many cases. 

 Dr. Hagen finds one instance of di Machaon, with cell black at base, 

 another partly black, as before said ; but such cases must be ex- 

 tremely rare. And a Zolicaon with a yellow cell would be a rara 

 avis, as any collector knows. 



3. The body of Zolicaon is black, with a lateral yellow band ; 

 of ATachaon, yellow, with a dorsal black band. 



I have received, during twenty years, a great many Zolicaon 

 from California, and, as I carefully preserve for my own collection 

 every variation from the type of any species, the collection to-day 

 would show if there had been any noticeable variation in Zoli- 

 caon received by me. None such is present. I have applied to 

 several correspondents for their experience. Mr. Henry Ed- 

 wards, who resided a number of years in San Francisco, and col- 

 lected butterflies indefatigably all over the State, writes me that 

 Zolicaon is very common about San Francisco, that he has not in 

 his collection now, nor does he remember to have seen, an ex- 

 ample in or from California which did not possess the three char- 

 acters I rely on. Mr. B. Neumoegen, who has one of the most 

 extensive collections of American butterflies yet made, knows of 

 no example off type from California. Mr. E. M. Aaron, of Phil- 

 adelphia, has examined three collections in that city, at my 

 request, one being his own, and one that of the Ent. Soc, of which 

 he is the Curator, with the same results. So that Zolicaon, in its 

 metropolis, is remarkably constant to type.* 



It is because Zolicaon is not derived from Machaon that it 

 presents the remarkable features we are treating of. Where 

 then did they come from ? Now, every member of the Asterias 

 group which I have seen, and I have before me, as I write, all 

 the species enumerated by Dr. Hagen, except Pcrganius, (which 

 is represented by an unique specimen in the collection of Mr. H. 



* While this paper is passing through the press, I have a reply also from Mr. W. G. Wright, of 

 San Bernardino, to whom I wrote on same subject. AH his examples oi Zolicaon are characterized by 

 black bodies, black cells, and pupilled ocelli. He sends me seven of them, and they are all true to type. 



