S6 



variable in one important character, the extent of the yellow area 

 of hind wing; some examples resembling therein some members 

 of the Asterias group, bidra and Bairdii, while others resemble 

 Zolicaon. But the sum of resemblances between Americus and 

 Zolicaon is greater than between Americus and any other mem- 

 bers of the group, and the two fall most naturally into a sub- 

 group. And the remaining species belonging to our fauna natur- 

 ally fall into other sub-groups; as, \, Brevicanda ; 2, Asterias ; 

 Bairdii ; 3, Indra. I do not believe that any one of these sub- 

 groups has been derived from another, although I have shown 

 how the side stripe of Zolicaon might have originated, if there 

 were derivation. 1 would have every sub-group of equal rank, as 

 alike sprung from same ancestor. 



II. We now come to Oregonia. This species has a close re- 

 semblance to certain Asiatic forms, which may or may not have 

 sprung from MacJiaon, especially Hipprocrates. The reverse is 

 just as likely, and indeed, more likely, in my opinion, if there 

 was derivation anywhere. The fore wings are largely produced 

 and their hind margins are incurved. The tails are longer in 

 proportion than typical Machaon. On the under side, the whole 

 surface is yellow, just as in Machaon, the cell of fore wings just 

 the same, the abdomen the same, yellow, with yellow stripes. 

 The most striking distinction is found in the anal ocellus. As in 

 all these species we have had in review, the ocellus is fulvous, but 

 the rivi comes doivn and ends as in Zolicaon, not as in Machaon, 

 which has it continued farther by a quarter circle and more ; and 

 right at the end there is a bend at right angles, and a continuation 

 of the line is thrown across the fulvous spot a little below the 

 middle thereof. The figures 6, 7, 8 show the peculiar character 

 of this line or mark, and all are copied from But. N. A., plate of 

 Oregonia. In fig. 6, under side ^, we see a tapering, slightly 

 wavy stripe, ending in a point. This simplest form I assume to 

 be the normal one. In fig. 7, under side ?, there is a modifica- 

 tion of the plain stripe, in a long narrow club, reaching quite 

 across the fulvous spot. Fig. 8 represents the upper side of the 

 same female, and the thickening is greater, and the mark, as in 

 other cases, is very long and tapers gradually. Now, this is 

 altogether another sort of mark from the black pupil of Zolicaon, 

 whether the latter stands alone in the centre of the field, or 

 whether it strikes the rim. It is the modification of a stripe 

 across the ocellus. Dr. Hagen states, in his specifications of what 

 he thinks is Oregonia, p. 151, that "the spot is connected," etc; 

 so that it does not appear that it is ever severed, or ever takes 

 a different shape from that indicated in the figures.* In that 



* In the original description of Oi-cgonia. I said, " anal spot small, yellow below, fulvous above, 

 with a rounded black spot in the middle, and which is connected with the narrow black edge of the 

 margin." I should have said ; " with a stripe or a club-shaped spot connected, etc." For my abom- 

 inable carelessness I stand myself on the stool of repentance and apologise humbly to all concerned ; 

 and I thank Dr. Hagen for leading me to study these species as I had not done before. 



