5^ 



III. That Zolicaon never could have been derived from Ore- 

 goniaoxX\\Q reverse follows from the position of the two species in 

 two distinct groups. The latter species is unmistakably allied to 

 the Machaon group, the former to the Asterias group. I have 

 shown this, and the proposition needs no farther remark. 



We now come to the " intermediate forms," which Dr. Hagen 

 would have us understand are intergrades between Orcgonia and 

 Zolicaon. If I have established the position that Z'^/zVrt^;/ belongs 

 to the Asterias group, or at any rate, is nearest to that, and is 

 removed from the Machaon group, and I think Lepidopterists 

 will agree that I have, then, inasmuch as it is conceded on all 

 hands that Orcgonia is a member of the Machaon group, these 

 forms cannot be' intergrades, because the product of two species 

 is not an intergrade. (I would say here that I have seen none of 

 these famous examples, though more than once, and long ago. 

 Dr. Hagen promised to send me them. I am not at all certain 

 that if I were to see them, I should agree with the Doctor in re- 

 garding them as particularly connected with either of the species 

 spoken of, but at present, I have to be governed by what he has 

 told us). 



Dr. Hagen tells us that he found all these nondescripts, 

 (with yellow abdomen and black cell ; black abdomen and yellow 

 cell, etc.), in a certain district east of the Cascade Mountains, 

 which he says possesses a very different climate from the district 

 to the west of these mountains, " the latter being similar to that 

 of California." He tells us that it is a sage-brush desert, with the 

 least rain fall of any part of the United States, and the heat is 

 excessive, " more than a week above loo*^," " where nearly no rain 

 falls through the summer, a sage-brush desert on basaltic soil." 



The typical Zolicaojt, as before said, is common throughout 

 California. It also flies through Oregon, and, at least, into Wash- 

 ington Territory to the west of the Cascade Mountains. Dr. 

 Hagen took half a dozen, true to type, east of these mountains 

 also. 



On the other hand, the typical Orcgonia, with yellow cell, 

 yellow body, and striped or clubbed ocellus, had alone been seen 

 before this excursion into the sage-brush desert. Its habitat, so 

 far as known, was in Western Oregon and Washington Territory. 

 Mr. H. Edwards had also taken one example of MacJiaon, var. 

 Aliaska, at the Dalles, W. T. 



Taking the relation of Dr. Hagen, just as he gives it, I see no 

 alternative but to assert that he has had the good fortune to fall 

 in with a lot of hybrids in this secluded and infernal sage-brush 

 desert. There is no improbability in this. No one accuses Colias 

 Philodice of being a variety of Colias Enrythcme, at least, no one 

 has hitherto done so, for I am not at all certain that our friend 

 herein concerned does not embrace both these in one of his three 

 or four species; but I have several orange'Colias, which appear to 



