6o 



parent form. It is because of its powerful vitality that it alone 

 has survived, when all other varieties and any intermediate vari- 

 eties have perished. Of the class indicated, are Papilio Brevicaiida, 

 confined to Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, Anticosti and the ad- 

 jacent main land only, while Asterias flies all over North Amer- 

 ica, to the south and west of these regions, even to Panama ; Saty- 

 rus Pegala, confined to the vicinity of the Gulf of Mexico, in our 

 'Southern States, while Satyrus A/ope flies universally outside 

 that district. 



In my experience in breeding butterflies from the egg, and 

 all the years since 1870, I have done it largely, while dimorphism 

 or polymorphism have, in several' cases, been established be- 

 tween forms where .^ome sort of connection had been suspected, 

 but of what nature no one could tell, and while what many had 

 supposed to be mere varieties, have turned out to be distinct 

 species, differing in their larval characters decidedly from the 

 supposed parent, yet I do not recollect one instance where the 

 reverse has taken place, and a form with marked characters, 

 which I had assumed, on the strength of the imago only, to be a 

 species, , has turned out by breeding to be a mere variety. And 

 yet, on the lumping-of-species theory, that ought constantly to 

 have occurred. The fact is, I apprehend, that a marked difference 

 in the imago carries with it a marked difference in the larva, at 

 least in all species which have larval characters definite enough to 

 seize upon. Even Dr. Hagen observed, and calls attention to, a 

 difference between the larvae of Oregonia and MacJiaon, and, as 

 before stated, he might have found more ifjie had looked farther. 

 The Doctor even has discovered, p. 160, that there are " differ- 

 ences in the finishing of the detail" of the genital apparatus of 

 the males in the same two species. No doubt there are, and cer- 

 tainly there ought to be. 



This paper is already so long that I can add but a few lines 

 about the van Aliaska, and its right by priority to give the name 

 to the Himalayan form of Machaon, which has been called Asiati- 

 ens, Men^trit's, but incorrectly, which right Dr. tlagen disputes. 

 I am not a stickler for priority in names, as is known, and I have 

 long held that a Resolution should be passed by entomologists in 

 convention, by which twenty years undisputed use of a .species 

 name should give it a good title. Under this Rule, if it could be 

 had, Asiatica (not Asiaticus, for the other is the name M^netries 

 gave the species), would certainly prevail, both for the Himalayan 

 and the American form, unless where more is known of the latter, 

 greater differences appear than we now discover. But, as M. Men- 

 etries saw fit to restrict his name with the utmost precision to what 

 is now seen to be a mere aberration, I cannot help it. The name 

 Aliaska, Scudder, under the present Rule, applies equally to the 

 Himalayan form. Menetries says his var. differs from MacJiaon 

 in the one character, a broad marginal border to hind wing, the 



