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lows: egg, 4 days; larva, 19 at the least, or 23 days from laying 

 of egg to pupation. From that to 28 days.) On 19th August, 

 I 6 Psendarg-io/ns ca.me iorth from chrysalis ; i ? ist September, 

 and I ? between 3rd and 20th September, while I was absent 

 from home. The other chrysalids were alive at the beginning of 

 winter, but 19th February, 1878, were found, on examination, to 

 be dead. I opened their wing cases, and most had the full color 

 of Pseudargiolus, a few showing no color at all. It is well known 

 that the color of a butterfly's wing begins to set but a short time 

 before the imago is to issue from chrysalis, and when the color is 

 complete the insect is ready to burst the shell. Most of my chry- 

 salids then, at some date in the winter, had been fully ready to 

 give Pseudargiolns butterflies, but just at that point they had died. 



In 1878, I had a great number of larvae. On one day, 19 

 June, I found 50. On 13th July, emerged i ? ; on 4th August, i 

 $\ on loth August, 2 ? ; and no more issued. I had tried to keep 

 these chrysalids damp on moss sprinkled with water, but on 12th 

 September found that all were dead with mould. 



In 1879,1 carried upwards of 20 chrysalids, obtained in July, 

 through the summer and fall, with no emergence except on 14th 

 September, when a% Pseudargiolus came out. The rest were alive 

 in early winter, but were found to be dead 19th January. 



In 188 1, I had 3 chrysalids that certainly were alive 20th 

 February, 1882, and that day they were removed from the house 

 to the open air, the weather becoming moderately warm. This 

 was with the hope that the butterflies would soon begin to come 

 forth. But some time in March I found all of them dead. On 

 opening the wing cases they proved to be 2 <^ i ? Pseudargiolus in 

 full color. 



This season, 1882, I could get but two chrysalids, one of 

 which formed 3d July, and gave a full-sized female 15th July, or 

 after 12 days. The other, on 27th July, gave a medium-sized ? 

 after but ten days pupation. 



In corroboration of the observations based on the chrysalids, 

 I will give others upon the appearance of the butterflies in the 

 field, and these can have no other interpretation than that Pseu- 

 dargiolus of May must come altogether from hybernating chrysa- 

 lids. I recall the facts before stated, that the duration of the egg 

 and larval stage in the first generation (or Violaced) is about 30 

 days, and that the only butterfly known to emerge from chrysalis 

 proceeding from Violacea was Neglecta, after a period of 24 days 

 from pupation, making 63 days from egg to butterfly. The egg 

 was laid 14th April, and the Neglect a came out 6th June. Now 

 it will be seen that year after year the first appearance of Neglecta 

 has been in the early days of June, while Pseudargiolus has been 

 on the wing, in fresh examples, at the time that Violacea eggs were 

 being laid. In fact, Pseudargiolus is always plenty before the 



