93 



belief that Pseiidargiohis proceeded directly from Violacea, and 

 accounted for Neglecta by effect of climate, scarcity of larval food, 

 etc. But later observations and a careful reading of my journals 

 have led me to reject that theory. 



Therefore, what is apparently the second generation is really 

 but partially so. It is made up from two distinct sources, and 

 the true second generation of the year in descent is Neglecta, pro- 

 ceeding, as it does, directly from the first generation, or Violacea. 

 . Psetidargioliis is an interpolated and distinct generation, the first 

 in the year of its series. It has no direct connection with the 

 winter forms, but an indirect one through the few individuals 

 which spring from it late in the season, as I shall show. 



I am not able to state what is the behavior of Neglecta, when 

 it lays its eggs, or upon what plant. Inasmuch as, later in the year, 

 only an occasional individual of the species is flying, and which 

 can be accounted for as as the product oi Pseiidargiolus, it seems 

 to me highly probable that all the chrysalids from Neglecta, which 

 would be formed in July, go over the winter, to swell the hosts 

 of Violacea in April." 



5. The few late females sprung ixox^ Pseiidargiolus, and which 

 emerge from chrysalis irregularly in August and September, lay 

 eggs, and the chrysalids thereupon hybernate and produce Violacea 

 in the following spring. 



In September, 1873, M''- T. L. Mead, then at Coalburgh, noticed 

 a female laying eggs on flowers of Actinomeris squarrosa. From 

 these two chrysalids were obtained, but they died during the win- 

 ter. In September, 1874, I found a few larvae on same plant, and 

 got from them three chrysalids, from which emerged 13th Feb- 

 ruary, 1875, three butterflies, 1^2? Violacea (as related Can. 

 Ent., VII., p. 82.) 



In 1877, so late as 13 October, I found several larvae on 

 Actinomeris, and sent them to Dr. Hagen for observations on the 

 honey-tubes. 1878, 1 1 September, I had 3 larvae from same plant, 

 but find no mention of the chrysalids later. 1881, 30 August, I 

 found 2 larvae on same plant, and obtained from them two chrys- 

 alids. These gave two females Violacea, on 2nd and 15th March, 



* While correcting the proof of this paper, 30th June, I am able to add something to the history 

 oi Neglecta. From Violacea eggs, in April of this year, I obtained six chrysalids, which formed 19 

 May, and within one or two days after. To the present date, or at 39 to 41 days from pupation, no 

 chrysalis has given butterfly, though A^e'^/t'rf« butterflies have come and nearly gone. Pscudargiolus 

 was so scarce that I saw but one example, a female, which I caught while it was ovipositing on Rattle 

 weed, on 5th June. From this, tied in bag, I got eggs, and this very day 3 of the larvs therefrom 

 have pupated, i on 28th, or at 23 to 25 days from laying the eggs. On the Rattle weed, previous to 

 i6th June, I found a few egos and larvje of Pscudargiolus^ from which I have 12 chrysalids. On gth 

 June, the first example of Neglecta butterfly was seen, a fresh male, and within a week there were 

 many. And they have nearly disappeared, and examples taken since 25th have been worn. But at 

 this date, 30th June, the Rattle weed is still abundant, and bids fair to continue in flower two weeks 

 longer (or long enough for all larvae now on it to mature), and I find plenty of young larvse, which un- 

 doubtedly are from Neglecta. Since i6th June, I have found both fresh eggs and newly hatched 

 larvse. I observe that the chrysalids from eggs of Pseiidargiolus are nearly twice as large as those of 

 Violacea^ averaging, length, .336 in., breadth of abdomen, .157 in.; while Violacea averages, length, 

 .it in and breadth .125. What the chrysalids from Neglecta measure I will ascertain in due time. 

 But the little chrysalids of I'iolrcea will not produce the large butterfly Pscudargiolus ., and the large 

 chr>'sali6 of the latter will not produce the little butterfly Violacea. 



