i8o 



with full series of yellow patches ; often a wide border to hind wings ; 

 the under side often deep orange, thickly-dusted grey ; the discal spot 

 often as deep red as Pelidne. I have seen a large number of Occiden- 

 talis taken by Capt Geddes, and they keep to their type very closely, 

 while all I have seen from California keep to the Chrysomelas type. 

 So far as the dried insects show, these two are but one species. But 

 Dr. Hagen puts one down to Interior, the other as a form of PJiilodicc, 

 and he is mistaken in both cases.* 



C. Pelidne Bois. What this species is is perfectly well known. It 

 is figured in my vol. 2. Dr. Hagen puts Pelidne Bd. as a variety of 

 Pal(E7w and says that " Edwards and Staudinger give Labradorensis 

 etc., as a syn. of Pelidne, but the original types labelled by Mr. Scud- 

 der himself belong to PalcEtid'' p. 17^. "Dr. Staudinger says that 

 if both {Pelidne and Palcend) fly in Labi^Jor at same time he must 

 consider it a proof that both are different species. But Ariadne and 

 Eury theme also fly together.'' Let us look into this a little. In the 

 first place, 1 was in frequent communication with Mr. Scudder at the 

 time he was writing his Colias paper, and I have now a pair of the 

 Palceno, collected by Mr. Packard, sent me by Mr, Scudder, labelled 

 C. Palano. Those I accept as the type of American PaUeno. Pelidne 

 is another matter altogether, and reading over Mr. Scudder's descrip- 

 tion of Labradorensis the insect agrees with it. Why would Staudinger 

 regard the two as distinct if both flew together at the same time ? Be- 

 cause one could not be a descendant of the other, as all Labrador 

 butterflies are single-brooded. Dr. Hagen's reply is unfortunate : 

 Ariadne and Eurythetne, do not fly together, but one is directly de- 

 scended from the other. And if there were no Ariadne there would 

 be no Eurytheme in Texas, and vice versa. It takes the three forms 

 there to make the one species. In a letterto me, dated 29 May, 1874, 

 Dr. Staudinger says : " C. Peldine Bd. and C. Nastes Bd. have never 

 been taken in the north of Europe, and also not in Asia, so far as I 

 know, "All so-called Pelidne, which were European specimens, were 

 only small Paheno. Pelidne Bd. should have the name given by 

 Boisduval." These are also the published views of Mr. Moschler, as 

 I state in part 2, vol. 2, text of Pelidne. Dried specimens Mali never 

 settle such a question. The opinion of three so competent judges as 

 Boisduval, Staudinger and Moschler is enough for me till the con- 

 trary is proved by breeding from the tgg. 



C. Chippewa (described in 1863 as Helena, which name was found 

 to be pre-occupied), — This was described from i <3 i ? received from 

 Fort Simpson, on the verge of the Arctic zon e. I inadvertently gave 

 the locality as Slave Lake in my Cat. 1877. This species and Occi- 



* Under Occidentalis and Saidderii, Dr. Hagen remarks that the silver spots in vol. 

 I are changed to black spots ; also in some of the plates of yVrgynnis. My copies are 

 unchanged, and so are some others to which I have been able to refer ; but in my own 

 case the plates have never been subjected to the influence of coal-gas, to which I attri- 

 bute the change in the silver. I purchased a copy from the effects of a subscriber, 

 which had the plates badly discolored, as I believe, by gas, and Mrs. Bowen was able 

 to restore all the damaged plates. Any water-colorist can repair this defect, but I can- 

 not say whether the silver will be more permanent than at first. 



