26 



Duke (H. L.). On the Zoological Status o£ the Polymorphic Mamma- 

 Uan Trypanosomes of Africa and their Relation to Man. — Parasi- 

 tology, Cambridge, xiii, no. 4, November 1921, pp. 352-397. 



The arguments put forward in this paper are suggested as a working 

 hypothesis for future research. The author is convinced that the 

 physiological characters, in any strain of trypanosomes, are largely 

 determined by environment. If the arguments advanced are sound, 

 it may be concluded that the polymorphic mammalian trypanosomes 

 of Africa all belong to a single species, though the species includes many 

 varieties or strains, which are variable and are determined by the 

 environment in which the species lives. 



J.ACK (R. W.) . Ticks infesting Domestic Animals in Southern Rhodesia. 



— Rhodesia Agric. Jl., Salisburv, xviii, no. 4, August 1921, pp. 

 361-371, and no. 5, October 1921, pp. 480-493, 4 plates. 



This paper gives a popular resume of previously published informa- 

 tion regarding the ticks infesting stock and domestic animals in Southern 

 Rhodesia, and is written chiefly for the use of stockmen and those 

 interested in the cattle industry. An account is given of the life- 

 histories of the ticks, their habits, relation to animal diseases, and the 

 measures employed for their control [R.A.E., B, i, 23-25, 139 ; 

 vi, 32 ; ix, 8, 83-85, etc.]. A list is given of the diseases known to be 

 transmitted by South African ticks, the hosts affected and the species 

 of ticks that are carriers. 



Morris (H.). Anthrax : Transmission of Infection by non-biting 

 Flies. — Louisiana Agric. Expt. Sta., Baton Rouge, Bull. 168, May 

 1919, 12 pp. [Received 30th November 1921.] 



This paper is supplementary to a previous bulletin dealing with 

 blood-sucking insects as transmitters of anthrax [R. A.E., B, vi, 181]. 

 Experiments are described in which Musca domestica, Calliphora 

 erythrocephala, Litcilia caesar and L. sericata are proved to be capable 

 of carrying anthrax infection to wounds on healthy animals after feeding 

 on anthrax-infected flesh. M. domestica and S. calcitrans are similarly 

 capable of transmitting infection after feeding upon discharges from 

 an open carbuncular swelling on an animal suffering from anthrax. 

 Flies bred out of an unopened anthrax carcass during the summer 

 months in Louisiana did not carry anthrax infection, though the 

 indications are that flies bred in the presence of anthrax spores carry 

 the infection, and it is therefore probable that the vegetative form 

 of anthrax in the unopened carcass is destroyed by the process of 

 decomposition. 



The results obtained in this work prove the necessity for prompt 

 and complete destruction of all anthrax-infected carcasses, and the 

 desirability of warning the public against the dangerous and useless 

 practice of opening anthrax swellings on infected animals. Animals 

 should be given greater protection against all insects during anthrax 

 outbreaks. 



WoLBACH (S. B.). Studies on Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. — 



Jl. Med. Res., Boston, Mass., xli, no. 1, November 1919, 

 pp. 1-197, 21 plates, 4 maps, 10 charts. 



The pathology of Rocky Mountain spotted fever is described, and 

 the anatomj^ habits, hosts, biology and behaviour towards infection 



